1 [RFC6265](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6265) Cookies and CookieJar for Node.js
3 [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/SalesforceEng/tough-cookie.png?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/SalesforceEng/tough-cookie)
5 [![NPM Stats](https://nodei.co/npm/tough-cookie.png?downloads=true&stars=true)](https://npmjs.org/package/tough-cookie)
6 ![NPM Downloads](https://nodei.co/npm-dl/tough-cookie.png?months=9)
11 var tough = require('tough-cookie');
12 var Cookie = tough.Cookie;
13 var cookie = Cookie.parse(header);
14 cookie.value = 'somethingdifferent';
15 header = cookie.toString();
17 var cookiejar = new tough.CookieJar();
18 cookiejar.setCookie(cookie, 'http://currentdomain.example.com/path', cb);
20 cookiejar.getCookies('http://example.com/otherpath',function(err,cookies) {
21 res.headers['cookie'] = cookies.join('; ');
29 `npm install tough-cookie`
31 Why the name? NPM modules `cookie`, `cookies` and `cookiejar` were already taken.
37 Functions on the module you get from `require('tough-cookie')`. All can be used as pure functions and don't need to be "bound".
39 **Note**: prior to 1.0.x, several of these functions took a `strict` parameter. This has since been removed from the API as it was no longer necessary.
41 ### `parseDate(string)`
43 Parse a cookie date string into a `Date`. Parses according to RFC6265 Section 5.1.1, not `Date.parse()`.
45 ### `formatDate(date)`
47 Format a Date into a RFC1123 string (the RFC6265-recommended format).
49 ### `canonicalDomain(str)`
51 Transforms a domain-name into a canonical domain-name. The canonical domain-name is a trimmed, lowercased, stripped-of-leading-dot and optionally punycode-encoded domain-name (Section 5.1.2 of RFC6265). For the most part, this function is idempotent (can be run again on its output without ill effects).
53 ### `domainMatch(str,domStr[,canonicalize=true])`
55 Answers "does this real domain match the domain in a cookie?". The `str` is the "current" domain-name and the `domStr` is the "cookie" domain-name. Matches according to RFC6265 Section 5.1.3, but it helps to think of it as a "suffix match".
57 The `canonicalize` parameter will run the other two paramters through `canonicalDomain` or not.
59 ### `defaultPath(path)`
61 Given a current request/response path, gives the Path apropriate for storing in a cookie. This is basically the "directory" of a "file" in the path, but is specified by Section 5.1.4 of the RFC.
63 The `path` parameter MUST be _only_ the pathname part of a URI (i.e. excludes the hostname, query, fragment, etc.). This is the `.pathname` property of node's `uri.parse()` output.
65 ### `pathMatch(reqPath,cookiePath)`
67 Answers "does the request-path path-match a given cookie-path?" as per RFC6265 Section 5.1.4. Returns a boolean.
69 This is essentially a prefix-match where `cookiePath` is a prefix of `reqPath`.
71 ### `parse(cookieString[, options])`
73 alias for `Cookie.parse(cookieString[, options])`
75 ### `fromJSON(string)`
77 alias for `Cookie.fromJSON(string)`
79 ### `getPublicSuffix(hostname)`
81 Returns the public suffix of this hostname. The public suffix is the shortest domain-name upon which a cookie can be set. Returns `null` if the hostname cannot have cookies set for it.
83 For example: `www.example.com` and `www.subdomain.example.com` both have public suffix `example.com`.
85 For further information, see http://publicsuffix.org/. This module derives its list from that site.
87 ### `cookieCompare(a,b)`
89 For use with `.sort()`, sorts a list of cookies into the recommended order given in the RFC (Section 5.4 step 2). The sort algorithm is, in order of precedence:
92 * oldest `.creation` (which has a 1ms precision, same as `Date`)
93 * lowest `.creationIndex` (to get beyond the 1ms precision)
96 var cookies = [ /* unsorted array of Cookie objects */ ];
97 cookies = cookies.sort(cookieCompare);
100 **Note**: Since JavaScript's `Date` is limited to a 1ms precision, cookies within the same milisecond are entirely possible. This is especially true when using the `now` option to `.setCookie()`. The `.creationIndex` property is a per-process global counter, assigned during construction with `new Cookie()`. This preserves the spirit of the RFC sorting: older cookies go first. This works great for `MemoryCookieStore`, since `Set-Cookie` headers are parsed in order, but may not be so great for distributed systems. Sophisticated `Store`s may wish to set this to some other _logical clock_ such that if cookies A and B are created in the same millisecond, but cookie A is created before cookie B, then `A.creationIndex < B.creationIndex`. If you want to alter the global counter, which you probably _shouldn't_ do, it's stored in `Cookie.cookiesCreated`.
102 ### `permuteDomain(domain)`
104 Generates a list of all possible domains that `domainMatch()` the parameter. May be handy for implementing cookie stores.
106 ### `permutePath(path)`
108 Generates a list of all possible paths that `pathMatch()` the parameter. May be handy for implementing cookie stores.
113 Exported via `tough.Cookie`.
115 ### `Cookie.parse(cookieString[, options])`
117 Parses a single Cookie or Set-Cookie HTTP header into a `Cookie` object. Returns `undefined` if the string can't be parsed.
119 The options parameter is not required and currently has only one property:
121 * _loose_ - boolean - if `true` enable parsing of key-less cookies like `=abc` and `=`, which are not RFC-compliant.
123 If options is not an object, it is ignored, which means you can use `Array#map` with it.
125 Here's how to process the Set-Cookie header(s) on a node HTTP/HTTPS response:
128 if (res.headers['set-cookie'] instanceof Array)
129 cookies = res.headers['set-cookie'].map(Cookie.parse);
131 cookies = [Cookie.parse(res.headers['set-cookie'])];
136 Cookie object properties:
138 * _key_ - string - the name or key of the cookie (default "")
139 * _value_ - string - the value of the cookie (default "")
140 * _expires_ - `Date` - if set, the `Expires=` attribute of the cookie (defaults to the string `"Infinity"`). See `setExpires()`
141 * _maxAge_ - seconds - if set, the `Max-Age=` attribute _in seconds_ of the cookie. May also be set to strings `"Infinity"` and `"-Infinity"` for non-expiry and immediate-expiry, respectively. See `setMaxAge()`
142 * _domain_ - string - the `Domain=` attribute of the cookie
143 * _path_ - string - the `Path=` of the cookie
144 * _secure_ - boolean - the `Secure` cookie flag
145 * _httpOnly_ - boolean - the `HttpOnly` cookie flag
146 * _extensions_ - `Array` - any unrecognized cookie attributes as strings (even if equal-signs inside)
147 * _creation_ - `Date` - when this cookie was constructed
148 * _creationIndex_ - number - set at construction, used to provide greater sort precision (please see `cookieCompare(a,b)` for a full explanation)
150 After a cookie has been passed through `CookieJar.setCookie()` it will have the following additional attributes:
152 * _hostOnly_ - boolean - is this a host-only cookie (i.e. no Domain field was set, but was instead implied)
153 * _pathIsDefault_ - boolean - if true, there was no Path field on the cookie and `defaultPath()` was used to derive one.
154 * _creation_ - `Date` - **modified** from construction to when the cookie was added to the jar
155 * _lastAccessed_ - `Date` - last time the cookie got accessed. Will affect cookie cleaning once implemented. Using `cookiejar.getCookies(...)` will update this attribute.
157 ### `Cookie([{properties}])`
159 Receives an options object that can contain any of the above Cookie properties, uses the default for unspecified properties.
163 encode to a Set-Cookie header value. The Expires cookie field is set using `formatDate()`, but is omitted entirely if `.expires` is `Infinity`.
165 ### `.cookieString()`
167 encode to a Cookie header value (i.e. the `.key` and `.value` properties joined with '=').
169 ### `.setExpires(String)`
171 sets the expiry based on a date-string passed through `parseDate()`. If parseDate returns `null` (i.e. can't parse this date string), `.expires` is set to `"Infinity"` (a string) is set.
173 ### `.setMaxAge(number)`
175 sets the maxAge in seconds. Coerces `-Infinity` to `"-Infinity"` and `Infinity` to `"Infinity"` so it JSON serializes correctly.
177 ### `.expiryTime([now=Date.now()])`
179 ### `.expiryDate([now=Date.now()])`
181 expiryTime() Computes the absolute unix-epoch milliseconds that this cookie expires. expiryDate() works similarly, except it returns a `Date` object. Note that in both cases the `now` parameter should be milliseconds.
183 Max-Age takes precedence over Expires (as per the RFC). The `.creation` attribute -- or, by default, the `now` paramter -- is used to offset the `.maxAge` attribute.
185 If Expires (`.expires`) is set, that's returned.
187 Otherwise, `expiryTime()` returns `Infinity` and `expiryDate()` returns a `Date` object for "Tue, 19 Jan 2038 03:14:07 GMT" (latest date that can be expressed by a 32-bit `time_t`; the common limit for most user-agents).
189 ### `.TTL([now=Date.now()])`
191 compute the TTL relative to `now` (milliseconds). The same precedence rules as for `expiryTime`/`expiryDate` apply.
193 The "number" `Infinity` is returned for cookies without an explicit expiry and `0` is returned if the cookie is expired. Otherwise a time-to-live in milliseconds is returned.
195 ### `.canonicalizedDoman()`
199 return the canonicalized `.domain` field. This is lower-cased and punycode (RFC3490) encoded if the domain has any non-ASCII characters.
203 For convenience in using `JSON.serialize(cookie)`. Returns a plain-old `Object` that can be JSON-serialized.
205 Any `Date` properties (i.e., `.expires`, `.creation`, and `.lastAccessed`) are exported in ISO format (`.toISOString()`).
207 **NOTE**: Custom `Cookie` properties will be discarded. In tough-cookie 1.x, since there was no `.toJSON` method explicitly defined, all enumerable properties were captured. If you want a property to be serialized, add the property name to the `Cookie.serializableProperties` Array.
209 ### `Cookie.fromJSON(strOrObj)`
211 Does the reverse of `cookie.toJSON()`. If passed a string, will `JSON.parse()` that first.
213 Any `Date` properties (i.e., `.expires`, `.creation`, and `.lastAccessed`) are parsed via `Date.parse()`, not the tough-cookie `parseDate`, since it's JavaScript/JSON-y timestamps being handled at this layer.
215 Returns `null` upon JSON parsing error.
219 Does a deep clone of this cookie, exactly implemented as `Cookie.fromJSON(cookie.toJSON())`.
223 Status: *IN PROGRESS*. Works for a few things, but is by no means comprehensive.
225 validates cookie attributes for semantic correctness. Useful for "lint" checking any Set-Cookie headers you generate. For now, it returns a boolean, but eventually could return a reason string -- you can future-proof with this construct:
228 if (cookie.validate() === true) {
238 Exported via `tough.CookieJar`.
240 ### `CookieJar([store],[options])`
242 Simply use `new CookieJar()`. If you'd like to use a custom store, pass that to the constructor otherwise a `MemoryCookieStore` will be created and used.
244 The `options` object can be omitted and can have the following properties:
246 * _rejectPublicSuffixes_ - boolean - default `true` - reject cookies with domains like "com" and "co.uk"
247 * _looseMode_ - boolean - default `false` - accept malformed cookies like `bar` and `=bar`, which have an implied empty name.
248 This is not in the standard, but is used sometimes on the web and is accepted by (most) browsers.
250 Since eventually this module would like to support database/remote/etc. CookieJars, continuation passing style is used for CookieJar methods.
252 ### `.setCookie(cookieOrString, currentUrl, [{options},] cb(err,cookie))`
254 Attempt to set the cookie in the cookie jar. If the operation fails, an error will be given to the callback `cb`, otherwise the cookie is passed through. The cookie will have updated `.creation`, `.lastAccessed` and `.hostOnly` properties.
256 The `options` object can be omitted and can have the following properties:
258 * _http_ - boolean - default `true` - indicates if this is an HTTP or non-HTTP API. Affects HttpOnly cookies.
259 * _secure_ - boolean - autodetect from url - indicates if this is a "Secure" API. If the currentUrl starts with `https:` or `wss:` then this is defaulted to `true`, otherwise `false`.
260 * _now_ - Date - default `new Date()` - what to use for the creation/access time of cookies
261 * _ignoreError_ - boolean - default `false` - silently ignore things like parse errors and invalid domains. `Store` errors aren't ignored by this option.
263 As per the RFC, the `.hostOnly` property is set if there was no "Domain=" parameter in the cookie string (or `.domain` was null on the Cookie object). The `.domain` property is set to the fully-qualified hostname of `currentUrl` in this case. Matching this cookie requires an exact hostname match (not a `domainMatch` as per usual).
265 ### `.setCookieSync(cookieOrString, currentUrl, [{options}])`
267 Synchronous version of `setCookie`; only works with synchronous stores (e.g. the default `MemoryCookieStore`).
269 ### `.getCookies(currentUrl, [{options},] cb(err,cookies))`
271 Retrieve the list of cookies that can be sent in a Cookie header for the current url.
273 If an error is encountered, that's passed as `err` to the callback, otherwise an `Array` of `Cookie` objects is passed. The array is sorted with `cookieCompare()` unless the `{sort:false}` option is given.
275 The `options` object can be omitted and can have the following properties:
277 * _http_ - boolean - default `true` - indicates if this is an HTTP or non-HTTP API. Affects HttpOnly cookies.
278 * _secure_ - boolean - autodetect from url - indicates if this is a "Secure" API. If the currentUrl starts with `https:` or `wss:` then this is defaulted to `true`, otherwise `false`.
279 * _now_ - Date - default `new Date()` - what to use for the creation/access time of cookies
280 * _expire_ - boolean - default `true` - perform expiry-time checking of cookies and asynchronously remove expired cookies from the store. Using `false` will return expired cookies and **not** remove them from the store (which is useful for replaying Set-Cookie headers, potentially).
281 * _allPaths_ - boolean - default `false` - if `true`, do not scope cookies by path. The default uses RFC-compliant path scoping. **Note**: may not be supported by the underlying store (the default `MemoryCookieStore` supports it).
283 The `.lastAccessed` property of the returned cookies will have been updated.
285 ### `.getCookiesSync(currentUrl, [{options}])`
287 Synchronous version of `getCookies`; only works with synchronous stores (e.g. the default `MemoryCookieStore`).
289 ### `.getCookieString(...)`
291 Accepts the same options as `.getCookies()` but passes a string suitable for a Cookie header rather than an array to the callback. Simply maps the `Cookie` array via `.cookieString()`.
293 ### `.getCookieStringSync(...)`
295 Synchronous version of `getCookieString`; only works with synchronous stores (e.g. the default `MemoryCookieStore`).
297 ### `.getSetCookieStrings(...)`
299 Returns an array of strings suitable for **Set-Cookie** headers. Accepts the same options as `.getCookies()`. Simply maps the cookie array via `.toString()`.
301 ### `.getSetCookieStringsSync(...)`
303 Synchronous version of `getSetCookieStrings`; only works with synchronous stores (e.g. the default `MemoryCookieStore`).
305 ### `.serialize(cb(err,serializedObject))`
307 Serialize the Jar if the underlying store supports `.getAllCookies`.
309 **NOTE**: Custom `Cookie` properties will be discarded. If you want a property to be serialized, add the property name to the `Cookie.serializableProperties` Array.
311 See [Serialization Format].
313 ### `.serializeSync()`
315 Sync version of .serialize
319 Alias of .serializeSync() for the convenience of `JSON.stringify(cookiejar)`.
321 ### `CookieJar.deserialize(serialized, [store], cb(err,object))`
323 A new Jar is created and the serialized Cookies are added to the underlying store. Each `Cookie` is added via `store.putCookie` in the order in which they appear in the serialization.
325 The `store` argument is optional, but should be an instance of `Store`. By default, a new instance of `MemoryCookieStore` is created.
327 As a convenience, if `serialized` is a string, it is passed through `JSON.parse` first. If that throws an error, this is passed to the callback.
329 ### `CookieJar.deserializeSync(serialized, [store])`
331 Sync version of `.deserialize`. _Note_ that the `store` must be synchronous for this to work.
333 ### `CookieJar.fromJSON(string)`
335 Alias of `.deserializeSync` to provide consistency with `Cookie.fromJSON()`.
337 ### `.clone([store,]cb(err,newJar))`
339 Produces a deep clone of this jar. Modifications to the original won't affect the clone, and vice versa.
341 The `store` argument is optional, but should be an instance of `Store`. By default, a new instance of `MemoryCookieStore` is created. Transferring between store types is supported so long as the source implements `.getAllCookies()` and the destination implements `.putCookie()`.
343 ### `.cloneSync([store])`
345 Synchronous version of `.clone`, returning a new `CookieJar` instance.
347 The `store` argument is optional, but must be a _synchronous_ `Store` instance if specified. If not passed, a new instance of `MemoryCookieStore` is used.
349 The _source_ and _destination_ must both be synchronous `Store`s. If one or both stores are asynchronous, use `.clone` instead. Recall that `MemoryCookieStore` supports both synchronous and asynchronous API calls.
353 Base class for CookieJar stores. Available as `tough.Store`.
357 The storage model for each `CookieJar` instance can be replaced with a custom implementation. The default is `MemoryCookieStore` which can be found in the `lib/memstore.js` file. The API uses continuation-passing-style to allow for asynchronous stores.
359 Stores should inherit from the base `Store` class, which is available as `require('tough-cookie').Store`.
361 Stores are asynchronous by default, but if `store.synchronous` is set to `true`, then the `*Sync` methods on the of the containing `CookieJar` can be used (however, the continuation-passing style
363 All `domain` parameters will have been normalized before calling.
365 The Cookie store must have all of the following methods.
367 ### `store.findCookie(domain, path, key, cb(err,cookie))`
369 Retrieve a cookie with the given domain, path and key (a.k.a. name). The RFC maintains that exactly one of these cookies should exist in a store. If the store is using versioning, this means that the latest/newest such cookie should be returned.
371 Callback takes an error and the resulting `Cookie` object. If no cookie is found then `null` MUST be passed instead (i.e. not an error).
373 ### `store.findCookies(domain, path, cb(err,cookies))`
375 Locates cookies matching the given domain and path. This is most often called in the context of `cookiejar.getCookies()` above.
377 If no cookies are found, the callback MUST be passed an empty array.
379 The resulting list will be checked for applicability to the current request according to the RFC (domain-match, path-match, http-only-flag, secure-flag, expiry, etc.), so it's OK to use an optimistic search algorithm when implementing this method. However, the search algorithm used SHOULD try to find cookies that `domainMatch()` the domain and `pathMatch()` the path in order to limit the amount of checking that needs to be done.
381 As of version 0.9.12, the `allPaths` option to `cookiejar.getCookies()` above will cause the path here to be `null`. If the path is `null`, path-matching MUST NOT be performed (i.e. domain-matching only).
383 ### `store.putCookie(cookie, cb(err))`
385 Adds a new cookie to the store. The implementation SHOULD replace any existing cookie with the same `.domain`, `.path`, and `.key` properties -- depending on the nature of the implementation, it's possible that between the call to `fetchCookie` and `putCookie` that a duplicate `putCookie` can occur.
387 The `cookie` object MUST NOT be modified; the caller will have already updated the `.creation` and `.lastAccessed` properties.
389 Pass an error if the cookie cannot be stored.
391 ### `store.updateCookie(oldCookie, newCookie, cb(err))`
393 Update an existing cookie. The implementation MUST update the `.value` for a cookie with the same `domain`, `.path` and `.key`. The implementation SHOULD check that the old value in the store is equivalent to `oldCookie` - how the conflict is resolved is up to the store.
395 The `.lastAccessed` property will always be different between the two objects (to the precision possible via JavaScript's clock). Both `.creation` and `.creationIndex` are guaranteed to be the same. Stores MAY ignore or defer the `.lastAccessed` change at the cost of affecting how cookies are selected for automatic deletion (e.g., least-recently-used, which is up to the store to implement).
397 Stores may wish to optimize changing the `.value` of the cookie in the store versus storing a new cookie. If the implementation doesn't define this method a stub that calls `putCookie(newCookie,cb)` will be added to the store object.
399 The `newCookie` and `oldCookie` objects MUST NOT be modified.
401 Pass an error if the newCookie cannot be stored.
403 ### `store.removeCookie(domain, path, key, cb(err))`
405 Remove a cookie from the store (see notes on `findCookie` about the uniqueness constraint).
407 The implementation MUST NOT pass an error if the cookie doesn't exist; only pass an error due to the failure to remove an existing cookie.
409 ### `store.removeCookies(domain, path, cb(err))`
411 Removes matching cookies from the store. The `path` parameter is optional, and if missing means all paths in a domain should be removed.
413 Pass an error ONLY if removing any existing cookies failed.
415 ### `store.getAllCookies(cb(err, cookies))`
417 Produces an `Array` of all cookies during `jar.serialize()`. The items in the array can be true `Cookie` objects or generic `Object`s with the [Serialization Format] data structure.
419 Cookies SHOULD be returned in creation order to preserve sorting via `compareCookies()`. For reference, `MemoryCookieStore` will sort by `.creationIndex` since it uses true `Cookie` objects internally. If you don't return the cookies in creation order, they'll still be sorted by creation time, but this only has a precision of 1ms. See `compareCookies` for more detail.
421 Pass an error if retrieval fails.
425 Inherits from `Store`.
427 A just-in-memory CookieJar synchronous store implementation, used by default. Despite being a synchronous implementation, it's usable with both the synchronous and asynchronous forms of the `CookieJar` API.
429 # Serialization Format
431 **NOTE**: if you want to have custom `Cookie` properties serialized, add the property name to `Cookie.serializableProperties`.
435 // The version of tough-cookie that serialized this jar.
436 version: 'tough-cookie@1.x.y',
438 // add the store type, to make humans happy:
439 storeType: 'MemoryCookieStore',
441 // CookieJar configuration:
442 rejectPublicSuffixes: true,
443 // ... future items go here
445 // Gets filled from jar.store.getAllCookies():
451 /* other Cookie.serializableProperties go here */
457 # Copyright and License
459 (tl;dr: BSD-3-Clause with some MPL/2.0)
462 Copyright (c) 2015, Salesforce.com, Inc.
465 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
466 modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
468 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
469 this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
471 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
472 this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
473 and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
475 3. Neither the name of Salesforce.com nor the names of its contributors may
476 be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
477 specific prior written permission.
479 THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
480 AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
481 IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
482 ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
483 LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
484 CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
485 SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
486 INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
487 CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
488 ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
489 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
492 Portions may be licensed under different licenses (in particular `public_suffix_list.dat` is MPL/2.0); please read that file and the LICENSE file for full details.