--- /dev/null
+<?php
+
+namespace Drupal\Core\Entity;
+
+use Drupal\Component\Utility\Crypt;
+use Drupal\Core\Cache\Cache;
+use Drupal\Core\Entity\Display\EntityViewDisplayInterface;
+use Drupal\Core\Entity\Entity\EntityViewDisplay;
+use Drupal\Core\Field\FieldItemInterface;
+use Drupal\Core\Field\FieldItemListInterface;
+use Drupal\Core\Language\LanguageManagerInterface;
+use Drupal\Core\Render\Element;
+use Drupal\Core\Theme\Registry;
+use Drupal\Core\TypedData\TranslatableInterface;
+use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\ContainerInterface;
+
+/**
+ * Base class for entity view builders.
+ *
+ * @ingroup entity_api
+ */
+class EntityViewBuilder extends EntityHandlerBase implements EntityHandlerInterface, EntityViewBuilderInterface {
+
+ /**
+ * The type of entities for which this view builder is instantiated.
+ *
+ * @var string
+ */
+ protected $entityTypeId;
+
+ /**
+ * Information about the entity type.
+ *
+ * @var \Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityTypeInterface
+ */
+ protected $entityType;
+
+ /**
+ * The entity manager service.
+ *
+ * @var \Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityManagerInterface
+ */
+ protected $entityManager;
+
+ /**
+ * The cache bin used to store the render cache.
+ *
+ * @var string
+ */
+ protected $cacheBin = 'render';
+
+ /**
+ * The language manager.
+ *
+ * @param \Drupal\Core\Language\LanguageManagerInterface $language_manager
+ */
+ protected $languageManager;
+
+ /**
+ * The theme registry.
+ *
+ * @var \Drupal\Core\Theme\Registry
+ */
+ protected $themeRegistry;
+
+ /**
+ * The EntityViewDisplay objects created for individual field rendering.
+ *
+ * @see \Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityViewBuilder::getSingleFieldDisplay()
+ *
+ * @param \Drupal\Core\Entity\Display\EntityViewDisplayInterface[]
+ */
+ protected $singleFieldDisplays;
+
+ /**
+ * Constructs a new EntityViewBuilder.
+ *
+ * @param \Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityTypeInterface $entity_type
+ * The entity type definition.
+ * @param \Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityManagerInterface $entity_manager
+ * The entity manager service.
+ * @param \Drupal\Core\Language\LanguageManagerInterface $language_manager
+ * The language manager.
+ * @param \Drupal\Core\Theme\Registry $theme_registry
+ * The theme registry.
+ */
+ public function __construct(EntityTypeInterface $entity_type, EntityManagerInterface $entity_manager, LanguageManagerInterface $language_manager, Registry $theme_registry = NULL) {
+ $this->entityTypeId = $entity_type->id();
+ $this->entityType = $entity_type;
+ $this->entityManager = $entity_manager;
+ $this->languageManager = $language_manager;
+ $this->themeRegistry = $theme_registry ?: \Drupal::service('theme.registry');
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * {@inheritdoc}
+ */
+ public static function createInstance(ContainerInterface $container, EntityTypeInterface $entity_type) {
+ return new static(
+ $entity_type,
+ $container->get('entity.manager'),
+ $container->get('language_manager'),
+ $container->get('theme.registry')
+ );
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * {@inheritdoc}
+ */
+ public function view(EntityInterface $entity, $view_mode = 'full', $langcode = NULL) {
+ $build_list = $this->viewMultiple([$entity], $view_mode, $langcode);
+
+ // The default ::buildMultiple() #pre_render callback won't run, because we
+ // extract a child element of the default renderable array. Thus we must
+ // assign an alternative #pre_render callback that applies the necessary
+ // transformations and then still calls ::buildMultiple().
+ $build = $build_list[0];
+ $build['#pre_render'][] = [$this, 'build'];
+
+ return $build;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * {@inheritdoc}
+ */
+ public function viewMultiple(array $entities = [], $view_mode = 'full', $langcode = NULL) {
+ $build_list = [
+ '#sorted' => TRUE,
+ '#pre_render' => [[$this, 'buildMultiple']],
+ ];
+ $weight = 0;
+ foreach ($entities as $key => $entity) {
+ // Ensure that from now on we are dealing with the proper translation
+ // object.
+ $entity = $this->entityManager->getTranslationFromContext($entity, $langcode);
+
+ // Set build defaults.
+ $build_list[$key] = $this->getBuildDefaults($entity, $view_mode);
+ $entityType = $this->entityTypeId;
+ $this->moduleHandler()->alter([$entityType . '_build_defaults', 'entity_build_defaults'], $build_list[$key], $entity, $view_mode);
+
+ $build_list[$key]['#weight'] = $weight++;
+ }
+
+ return $build_list;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Provides entity-specific defaults to the build process.
+ *
+ * @param \Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityInterface $entity
+ * The entity for which the defaults should be provided.
+ * @param string $view_mode
+ * The view mode that should be used.
+ *
+ * @return array
+ */
+ protected function getBuildDefaults(EntityInterface $entity, $view_mode) {
+ // Allow modules to change the view mode.
+ $context = [];
+ $this->moduleHandler()->alter('entity_view_mode', $view_mode, $entity, $context);
+
+ $build = [
+ "#{$this->entityTypeId}" => $entity,
+ '#view_mode' => $view_mode,
+ // Collect cache defaults for this entity.
+ '#cache' => [
+ 'tags' => Cache::mergeTags($this->getCacheTags(), $entity->getCacheTags()),
+ 'contexts' => $entity->getCacheContexts(),
+ 'max-age' => $entity->getCacheMaxAge(),
+ ],
+ ];
+
+ // Add the default #theme key if a template exists for it.
+ if ($this->themeRegistry->getRuntime()->has($this->entityTypeId)) {
+ $build['#theme'] = $this->entityTypeId;
+ }
+
+ // Cache the rendered output if permitted by the view mode and global entity
+ // type configuration.
+ if ($this->isViewModeCacheable($view_mode) && !$entity->isNew() && $entity->isDefaultRevision() && $this->entityType->isRenderCacheable()) {
+ $build['#cache'] += [
+ 'keys' => [
+ 'entity_view',
+ $this->entityTypeId,
+ $entity->id(),
+ $view_mode,
+ ],
+ 'bin' => $this->cacheBin,
+ ];
+
+ if ($entity instanceof TranslatableInterface && count($entity->getTranslationLanguages()) > 1) {
+ $build['#cache']['keys'][] = $entity->language()->getId();
+ }
+ }
+
+ return $build;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Builds an entity's view; augments entity defaults.
+ *
+ * This function is assigned as a #pre_render callback in ::view().
+ *
+ * It transforms the renderable array for a single entity to the same
+ * structure as if we were rendering multiple entities, and then calls the
+ * default ::buildMultiple() #pre_render callback.
+ *
+ * @param array $build
+ * A renderable array containing build information and context for an entity
+ * view.
+ *
+ * @return array
+ * The updated renderable array.
+ *
+ * @see drupal_render()
+ */
+ public function build(array $build) {
+ $build_list = [$build];
+ $build_list = $this->buildMultiple($build_list);
+ return $build_list[0];
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Builds multiple entities' views; augments entity defaults.
+ *
+ * This function is assigned as a #pre_render callback in ::viewMultiple().
+ *
+ * By delaying the building of an entity until the #pre_render processing in
+ * drupal_render(), the processing cost of assembling an entity's renderable
+ * array is saved on cache-hit requests.
+ *
+ * @param array $build_list
+ * A renderable array containing build information and context for an
+ * entity view.
+ *
+ * @return array
+ * The updated renderable array.
+ *
+ * @see drupal_render()
+ */
+ public function buildMultiple(array $build_list) {
+ // Build the view modes and display objects.
+ $view_modes = [];
+ $entity_type_key = "#{$this->entityTypeId}";
+ $view_hook = "{$this->entityTypeId}_view";
+
+ // Find the keys for the ContentEntities in the build; Store entities for
+ // rendering by view_mode.
+ $children = Element::children($build_list);
+ foreach ($children as $key) {
+ if (isset($build_list[$key][$entity_type_key])) {
+ $entity = $build_list[$key][$entity_type_key];
+ if ($entity instanceof FieldableEntityInterface) {
+ $view_modes[$build_list[$key]['#view_mode']][$key] = $entity;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Build content for the displays represented by the entities.
+ foreach ($view_modes as $view_mode => $view_mode_entities) {
+ $displays = EntityViewDisplay::collectRenderDisplays($view_mode_entities, $view_mode);
+ $this->buildComponents($build_list, $view_mode_entities, $displays, $view_mode);
+ foreach (array_keys($view_mode_entities) as $key) {
+ // Allow for alterations while building, before rendering.
+ $entity = $build_list[$key][$entity_type_key];
+ $display = $displays[$entity->bundle()];
+
+ $this->moduleHandler()->invokeAll($view_hook, [&$build_list[$key], $entity, $display, $view_mode]);
+ $this->moduleHandler()->invokeAll('entity_view', [&$build_list[$key], $entity, $display, $view_mode]);
+
+ $this->alterBuild($build_list[$key], $entity, $display, $view_mode);
+
+ // Assign the weights configured in the display.
+ // @todo: Once https://www.drupal.org/node/1875974 provides the missing
+ // API, only do it for 'extra fields', since other components have
+ // been taken care of in EntityViewDisplay::buildMultiple().
+ foreach ($display->getComponents() as $name => $options) {
+ if (isset($build_list[$key][$name])) {
+ $build_list[$key][$name]['#weight'] = $options['weight'];
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Allow modules to modify the render array.
+ $this->moduleHandler()->alter([$view_hook, 'entity_view'], $build_list[$key], $entity, $display);
+ }
+ }
+
+ return $build_list;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * {@inheritdoc}
+ */
+ public function buildComponents(array &$build, array $entities, array $displays, $view_mode) {
+ $entities_by_bundle = [];
+ foreach ($entities as $id => $entity) {
+ // Initialize the field item attributes for the fields being displayed.
+ // The entity can include fields that are not displayed, and the display
+ // can include components that are not fields, so we want to act on the
+ // intersection. However, the entity can have many more fields than are
+ // displayed, so we avoid the cost of calling $entity->getProperties()
+ // by iterating the intersection as follows.
+ foreach ($displays[$entity->bundle()]->getComponents() as $name => $options) {
+ if ($entity->hasField($name)) {
+ foreach ($entity->get($name) as $item) {
+ $item->_attributes = [];
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ // Group the entities by bundle.
+ $entities_by_bundle[$entity->bundle()][$id] = $entity;
+ }
+
+ // Invoke hook_entity_prepare_view().
+ $this->moduleHandler()->invokeAll('entity_prepare_view', [$this->entityTypeId, $entities, $displays, $view_mode]);
+
+ // Let the displays build their render arrays.
+ foreach ($entities_by_bundle as $bundle => $bundle_entities) {
+ $display_build = $displays[$bundle]->buildMultiple($bundle_entities);
+ foreach ($bundle_entities as $id => $entity) {
+ $build[$id] += $display_build[$id];
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Specific per-entity building.
+ *
+ * @param array $build
+ * The render array that is being created.
+ * @param \Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityInterface $entity
+ * The entity to be prepared.
+ * @param \Drupal\Core\Entity\Display\EntityViewDisplayInterface $display
+ * The entity view display holding the display options configured for the
+ * entity components.
+ * @param string $view_mode
+ * The view mode that should be used to prepare the entity.
+ */
+ protected function alterBuild(array &$build, EntityInterface $entity, EntityViewDisplayInterface $display, $view_mode) { }
+
+ /**
+ * {@inheritdoc}
+ */
+ public function getCacheTags() {
+ return [$this->entityTypeId . '_view'];
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * {@inheritdoc}
+ */
+ public function resetCache(array $entities = NULL) {
+ // If no set of specific entities is provided, invalidate the entity view
+ // builder's cache tag. This will invalidate all entities rendered by this
+ // view builder.
+ // Otherwise, if a set of specific entities is provided, invalidate those
+ // specific entities only, plus their list cache tags, because any lists in
+ // which these entities are rendered, must be invalidated as well. However,
+ // even in this case, we might invalidate more cache items than necessary.
+ // When we have a way to invalidate only those cache items that have both
+ // the individual entity's cache tag and the view builder's cache tag, we'll
+ // be able to optimize this further.
+ if (isset($entities)) {
+ $tags = [];
+ foreach ($entities as $entity) {
+ $tags = Cache::mergeTags($tags, $entity->getCacheTags());
+ $tags = Cache::mergeTags($tags, $entity->getEntityType()->getListCacheTags());
+ }
+ Cache::invalidateTags($tags);
+ }
+ else {
+ Cache::invalidateTags($this->getCacheTags());
+ }
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Determines whether the view mode is cacheable.
+ *
+ * @param string $view_mode
+ * Name of the view mode that should be rendered.
+ *
+ * @return bool
+ * TRUE if the view mode can be cached, FALSE otherwise.
+ */
+ protected function isViewModeCacheable($view_mode) {
+ if ($view_mode == 'default') {
+ // The 'default' is not an actual view mode.
+ return TRUE;
+ }
+ $view_modes_info = $this->entityManager->getViewModes($this->entityTypeId);
+ return !empty($view_modes_info[$view_mode]['cache']);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * {@inheritdoc}
+ */
+ public function viewField(FieldItemListInterface $items, $display_options = []) {
+ $entity = $items->getEntity();
+ $field_name = $items->getFieldDefinition()->getName();
+ $display = $this->getSingleFieldDisplay($entity, $field_name, $display_options);
+
+ $output = [];
+ $build = $display->build($entity);
+ if (isset($build[$field_name])) {
+ $output = $build[$field_name];
+ }
+
+ return $output;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * {@inheritdoc}
+ */
+ public function viewFieldItem(FieldItemInterface $item, $display = []) {
+ $entity = $item->getEntity();
+ $field_name = $item->getFieldDefinition()->getName();
+
+ // Clone the entity since we are going to modify field values.
+ $clone = clone $entity;
+
+ // Push the item as the single value for the field, and defer to viewField()
+ // to build the render array for the whole list.
+ $clone->{$field_name}->setValue([$item->getValue()]);
+ $elements = $this->viewField($clone->{$field_name}, $display);
+
+ // Extract the part of the render array we need.
+ $output = isset($elements[0]) ? $elements[0] : [];
+ if (isset($elements['#access'])) {
+ $output['#access'] = $elements['#access'];
+ }
+
+ return $output;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Gets an EntityViewDisplay for rendering an individual field.
+ *
+ * @param \Drupal\Core\Entity\EntityInterface $entity
+ * The entity.
+ * @param string $field_name
+ * The field name.
+ * @param string|array $display_options
+ * The display options passed to the viewField() method.
+ *
+ * @return \Drupal\Core\Entity\Display\EntityViewDisplayInterface
+ */
+ protected function getSingleFieldDisplay($entity, $field_name, $display_options) {
+ if (is_string($display_options)) {
+ // View mode: use the Display configured for the view mode.
+ $view_mode = $display_options;
+ $display = EntityViewDisplay::collectRenderDisplay($entity, $view_mode);
+ // Hide all fields except the current one.
+ foreach (array_keys($entity->getFieldDefinitions()) as $name) {
+ if ($name != $field_name) {
+ $display->removeComponent($name);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ else {
+ // Array of custom display options: use a runtime Display for the
+ // '_custom' view mode. Persist the displays created, to reduce the number
+ // of objects (displays and formatter plugins) created when rendering a
+ // series of fields individually for cases such as views tables.
+ $entity_type_id = $entity->getEntityTypeId();
+ $bundle = $entity->bundle();
+ $key = $entity_type_id . ':' . $bundle . ':' . $field_name . ':' . Crypt::hashBase64(serialize($display_options));
+ if (!isset($this->singleFieldDisplays[$key])) {
+ $this->singleFieldDisplays[$key] = EntityViewDisplay::create([
+ 'targetEntityType' => $entity_type_id,
+ 'bundle' => $bundle,
+ 'status' => TRUE,
+ ])->setComponent($field_name, $display_options);
+ }
+ $display = $this->singleFieldDisplays[$key];
+ }
+
+ return $display;
+ }
+
+}