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[yaffs-website] / vendor / gabordemooij / redbean / RedBeanPHP / OODBBean.php
diff --git a/vendor/gabordemooij/redbean/RedBeanPHP/OODBBean.php b/vendor/gabordemooij/redbean/RedBeanPHP/OODBBean.php
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+<?php
+
+namespace RedBeanPHP;
+
+use RedBeanPHP\QueryWriter\AQueryWriter as AQueryWriter;
+use RedBeanPHP\BeanHelper as BeanHelper;
+use RedBeanPHP\RedException as RedException;
+
+/* PHP 5.3 compatibility */
+if (interface_exists('\JsonSerializable')) {
+               /* We extend JsonSerializable to avoid namespace conflicts,
+               can't define interface with special namespace in PHP */
+               interface Jsonable extends \JsonSerializable {};
+} else {
+       interface Jsonable {};
+}
+
+/**
+ * OODBBean (Object Oriented DataBase Bean).
+ *
+ * to exchange information with the database. A bean represents
+ * a single table row and offers generic services for interaction
+ * with databases systems as well as some meta-data.
+ *
+ * @file    RedBeanPHP/OODBBean.php
+ * @author  Gabor de Mooij and the RedBeanPHP community
+ * @license BSD/GPLv2
+ * @desc    OODBBean represents a bean. RedBeanPHP uses beans
+ *
+ * @copyright
+ * copyright (c) G.J.G.T. (Gabor) de Mooij and the RedBeanPHP Community.
+ * This source file is subject to the BSD/GPLv2 License that is bundled
+ * with this source code in the file license.txt.
+ */
+class OODBBean implements\IteratorAggregate,\ArrayAccess,\Countable,Jsonable
+{
+       /**
+        * FUSE error modes.
+        */
+       const C_ERR_IGNORE    = FALSE;
+       const C_ERR_LOG       = 1;
+       const C_ERR_NOTICE    = 2;
+       const C_ERR_WARN      = 3;
+       const C_ERR_EXCEPTION = 4;
+       const C_ERR_FUNC      = 5;
+       const C_ERR_FATAL     = 6;
+
+       /**
+        * @var boolean
+        */
+       protected static $errorHandlingFUSE = FALSE;
+
+       /**
+        * @var callable|NULL
+        */
+       protected static $errorHandler = NULL;
+
+       /**
+        * @var array
+        */
+       protected static $aliases = array();
+
+       /**
+        * @var boolean
+        */
+       protected static $autoResolve = FALSE;
+
+       /**
+        * This is where the real properties of the bean live. They are stored and retrieved
+        * by the magic getter and setter (__get and __set).
+        *
+        * @var array $properties
+        */
+       protected $properties = array();
+
+       /**
+        * Here we keep the meta data of a bean.
+        *
+        * @var array
+        */
+       protected $__info = array();
+
+       /**
+        * The BeanHelper allows the bean to access the toolbox objects to implement
+        * rich functionality, otherwise you would have to do everything with R or
+        * external objects.
+        *
+        * @var BeanHelper
+        */
+       protected $beanHelper = NULL;
+
+       /**
+        * @var null
+        */
+       protected $fetchType = NULL;
+
+       /**
+        * @var string
+        */
+       protected $withSql = '';
+
+       /**
+        * @var array
+        */
+       protected $withParams = array();
+
+       /**
+        * @var string
+        */
+       protected $aliasName = NULL;
+
+       /**
+        * @var string
+        */
+       protected $via = NULL;
+
+       /**
+        * @var boolean
+        */
+       protected $noLoad = FALSE;
+
+       /**
+        * @var boolean
+        */
+       protected $all = FALSE;
+
+       /**
+        * Sets the error mode for FUSE.
+        * What to do if a FUSE model method does not exist?
+        * You can set the following options:
+        *
+        * * OODBBean::C_ERR_IGNORE (default), ignores the call, returns NULL
+        * * OODBBean::C_ERR_LOG, logs the incident using error_log
+        * * OODBBean::C_ERR_NOTICE, triggers a E_USER_NOTICE
+        * * OODBBean::C_ERR_WARN, triggers a E_USER_WARNING
+        * * OODBBean::C_ERR_EXCEPTION, throws an exception
+        * * OODBBean::C_ERR_FUNC, allows you to specify a custom handler (function)
+        * * OODBBean::C_ERR_FATAL, triggers a E_USER_ERROR
+        *
+        * <code>
+        * Custom handler method signature: handler( array (
+        *      'message' => string
+        *      'bean' => OODBBean
+        *      'method' => string
+        * ) )
+        * </code>
+        *
+        * This method returns the old mode and handler as an array.
+        *
+        * @param integer       $mode error handling mode
+        * @param callable|NULL $func custom handler
+        *
+        * @return array
+        */
+       public static function setErrorHandlingFUSE($mode, $func = NULL) {
+               if (
+                          $mode !== self::C_ERR_IGNORE
+                       && $mode !== self::C_ERR_LOG
+                       && $mode !== self::C_ERR_NOTICE
+                       && $mode !== self::C_ERR_WARN
+                       && $mode !== self::C_ERR_EXCEPTION
+                       && $mode !== self::C_ERR_FUNC
+                       && $mode !== self::C_ERR_FATAL
+               ) throw new \Exception( 'Invalid error mode selected' );
+
+               if ( $mode === self::C_ERR_FUNC && !is_callable( $func ) ) {
+                       throw new \Exception( 'Invalid error handler' );
+               }
+
+               $old = array( self::$errorHandlingFUSE, self::$errorHandler );
+               self::$errorHandlingFUSE = $mode;
+               if ( is_callable( $func ) ) {
+                       self::$errorHandler = $func;
+               } else {
+                       self::$errorHandler = NULL;
+               }
+               return $old;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Sets global aliases.
+        * Registers a batch of aliases in one go. This works the same as
+        * fetchAs and setAutoResolve but explicitly. For instance if you register
+        * the alias 'cover' for 'page' a property containing a reference to a
+        * page bean called 'cover' will correctly return the page bean and not
+        * a (non-existant) cover bean.
+        *
+        * <code>
+        * R::aliases( array( 'cover' => 'page' ) );
+        * $book = R::dispense( 'book' );
+        * $page = R::dispense( 'page' );
+        * $book->cover = $page;
+        * R::store( $book );
+        * $book = $book->fresh();
+        * $cover = $book->cover;
+        * echo $cover->getMeta( 'type' ); //page
+        * </code>
+        *
+        * The format of the aliases registration array is:
+        *
+        * {alias} => {actual type}
+        *
+        * In the example above we use:
+        *
+        * cover => page
+        *
+        * From that point on, every bean reference to a cover
+        * will return a 'page' bean. Note that with autoResolve this
+        * feature along with fetchAs() is no longer very important, although
+        * relying on explicit aliases can be a bit faster.
+        *
+        * @param array $list list of global aliases to use
+        *
+        * @return void
+        */
+       public static function aliases( $list )
+       {
+               self::$aliases = $list;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Enables or disables auto-resolving fetch types.
+        * Auto-resolving aliased parent beans is convenient but can
+        * be slower and can create infinite recursion if you
+        * used aliases to break cyclic relations in your domain.
+        *
+        * @param boolean $automatic TRUE to enable automatic resolving aliased parents
+        *
+        * @return void
+        */
+       public static function setAutoResolve( $automatic = TRUE )
+       {
+               self::$autoResolve = (boolean) $automatic;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Sets a meta property for all beans. This is a quicker way to set
+        * the meta properties for a collection of beans because this method
+        * can directly access the property arrays of the beans.
+        * This method returns the beans.
+        *
+        * @param array  $beans    beans to set the meta property of
+        * @param string $property property to set
+        * @param mixed  $value    value
+        *
+        * @return array
+        */
+       public static function setMetaAll( $beans, $property, $value )
+       {
+               foreach( $beans as $bean ) {
+                       if ( $bean instanceof OODBBean ) $bean->__info[ $property ] = $value;
+               }
+
+               return $beans;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Parses the join in the with-snippet.
+        * For instance:
+        *
+        * <code>
+        * $author
+        *      ->withCondition(' @joined.detail.title LIKE ? ')
+        *  ->ownBookList;
+        * </code>
+        *
+        * will automatically join 'detail' on book to
+        * access the title field.
+        *
+        * @note this feature requires Narrow Field Mode and Join Feature
+        * to be both activated (default).
+        *
+        * @param string $type the source type for the join
+        *
+        * @return string
+        */
+       private function parseJoin( $type )
+       {
+               $joinSql = '';
+               $joins = array();
+               if ( strpos($this->withSql, '@joined.' ) !== FALSE ) {
+                       $writer   = $this->beanHelper->getToolBox()->getWriter();
+                       $oldParts = $parts = explode( '@joined.', $this->withSql );
+                       array_shift( $parts );
+                       foreach($parts as $part) {
+                               $explosion = explode( '.', $part );
+                               $joinInfo  = array_shift( $explosion );
+                               //Dont join more than once..
+                               if ( !isset( $joins[$joinInfo] ) ) {
+                                       $joins[ $joinInfo ] = true;
+                                       $joinSql  .= $writer->writeJoin( $type, $joinInfo, 'LEFT' );
+                               }
+                       }
+                       $this->withSql = implode( '', $oldParts );
+                       $joinSql      .= ' WHERE ';
+               }
+               return $joinSql;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Internal method.
+        * Obtains a shared list for a certain type.
+        *
+        * @param string $type the name of the list you want to retrieve.
+        *
+        * @return array
+        */
+       private function getSharedList( $type, $redbean, $toolbox )
+       {
+               $writer = $toolbox->getWriter();
+
+               if ( $this->via ) {
+                       $oldName = $writer->getAssocTable( array( $this->__info['type'], $type ) );
+                       if ( $oldName !== $this->via ) {
+                               //set the new renaming rule
+                               $writer->renameAssocTable( $oldName, $this->via );
+                       }
+                       $this->via = NULL;
+               }
+
+               $beans = array();
+               if ($this->getID()) {
+                       $type             = $this->beau( $type );
+                       $assocManager     = $redbean->getAssociationManager();
+                       $beans            = $assocManager->related( $this, $type, $this->withSql, $this->withParams );
+               }
+
+               $this->withSql    = '';
+               $this->withParams = array();
+
+               return $beans;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Internal method.
+        * Obtains the own list of a certain type.
+        *
+        * @param string      $type   name of the list you want to retrieve
+        * @param OODB        $oodb   The RB OODB object database instance
+        *
+        * @return array
+        */
+       private function getOwnList( $type, $redbean )
+       {
+               $type = $this->beau( $type );
+
+               if ( $this->aliasName ) {
+                       $parentField = $this->aliasName;
+                       $myFieldLink = $parentField . '_id';
+
+                       $this->__info['sys.alias.' . $type] = $this->aliasName;
+
+                       $this->aliasName = NULL;
+               } else {
+                       $parentField = $this->__info['type'];
+                       $myFieldLink = $parentField . '_id';
+               }
+
+               $beans = array();
+
+               if ( $this->getID() ) {
+
+                       $firstKey = NULL;
+                       if ( count( $this->withParams ) > 0 ) {
+                               reset( $this->withParams );
+
+                               $firstKey = key( $this->withParams );
+                       }
+
+                       $joinSql = $this->parseJoin( $type );
+
+                       if ( !is_numeric( $firstKey ) || $firstKey === NULL ) {
+                               $bindings           = $this->withParams;
+                               $bindings[':slot0'] = $this->getID();
+
+                               $beans = $redbean->find( $type, array(), " {$joinSql} $myFieldLink = :slot0 " . $this->withSql, $bindings );
+                       } else {
+                               $bindings = array_merge( array( $this->getID() ), $this->withParams );
+
+                               $beans = $redbean->find( $type, array(), " {$joinSql} $myFieldLink = ? " . $this->withSql, $bindings );
+                       }
+               }
+
+               $this->withSql    = '';
+               $this->withParams = array();
+
+               foreach ( $beans as $beanFromList ) {
+                       $beanFromList->__info['sys.parentcache.' . $parentField] = $this;
+               }
+
+               return $beans;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Initializes a bean. Used by OODB for dispensing beans.
+        * It is not recommended to use this method to initialize beans. Instead
+        * use the OODB object to dispense new beans. You can use this method
+        * if you build your own bean dispensing mechanism.
+        *
+        * @param string     $type       type of the new bean
+        * @param BeanHelper $beanhelper bean helper to obtain a toolbox and a model
+        *
+        * @return void
+        */
+       public function initializeForDispense( $type, BeanHelper $beanhelper )
+       {
+               $this->beanHelper         = $beanhelper;
+               $this->__info['type']     = $type;
+               $this->__info['sys.id']   = 'id';
+               $this->__info['sys.orig'] = array( 'id' => 0 );
+               $this->__info['tainted']  = TRUE;
+               $this->__info['changed']  = TRUE;
+               $this->properties['id']   = 0;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Sets the Bean Helper. Normally the Bean Helper is set by OODB.
+        * Here you can change the Bean Helper. The Bean Helper is an object
+        * providing access to a toolbox for the bean necessary to retrieve
+        * nested beans (bean lists: ownBean, sharedBean) without the need to
+        * rely on static calls to the facade (or make this class dep. on OODB).
+        *
+        * @param BeanHelper $helper helper to use for this bean
+        *
+        * @return void
+        */
+       public function setBeanHelper( BeanHelper $helper )
+       {
+               $this->beanHelper = $helper;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns an ArrayIterator so you can treat the bean like
+        * an array with the properties container as its contents.
+        * This method is meant for PHP and allows you to access beans as if
+        * they were arrays, i.e. using array notation:
+        *
+        * $bean[$key] = $value;
+        *
+        * Note that not all PHP functions work with the array interface.
+        *
+        * @return ArrayIterator
+        */
+       public function getIterator()
+       {
+               return new \ArrayIterator( $this->properties );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Imports all values from an associative array $array. Chainable.
+        * This method imports the values in the first argument as bean
+        * propery and value pairs. Use the second parameter to provide a
+        * selection. If a selection array is passed, only the entries
+        * having keys mentioned in the selection array will be imported.
+        * Set the third parameter to TRUE to preserve spaces in selection keys.
+        *
+        * @param array        $array     what you want to import
+        * @param string|array $selection selection of values
+        * @param boolean      $notrim    if TRUE selection keys will NOT be trimmed
+        *
+        * @return OODBBean
+        */
+       public function import( $array, $selection = FALSE, $notrim = FALSE )
+       {
+               if ( is_string( $selection ) ) {
+                       $selection = explode( ',', $selection );
+               }
+
+               if ( !$notrim && is_array( $selection ) ) {
+                       foreach ( $selection as $key => $selected ) {
+                               $selection[$key] = trim( $selected );
+                       }
+               }
+
+               foreach ( $array as $key => $value ) {
+                       if ( $key != '__info' ) {
+                               if ( !$selection || ( $selection && in_array( $key, $selection ) ) ) {
+                                       if ( is_array($value ) ) {
+                                               if ( isset( $value['_type'] ) ) {
+                                                       $bean = $this->beanHelper->getToolbox()->getRedBean()->dispense( $value['_type'] );
+                                                       unset( $value['_type'] );
+                                                       $bean->import($value);
+                                                       $this->$key = $bean;
+                                               } else {
+                                                       $listBeans = array();
+                                                       foreach( $value as $listKey => $listItem ) {
+                                                               $bean = $this->beanHelper->getToolbox()->getRedBean()->dispense( $listItem['_type'] );
+                                                               unset( $listItem['_type'] );
+                                                               $bean->import($listItem);
+                                                               $list = &$this->$key;
+                                                               $list[ $listKey ] = $bean;
+                                                       }
+                                               }
+                                       } else {
+                                               $this->$key = $value;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+
+               return $this;
+       }
+
+       /**
+       * Fast way to import a row.
+       * Does not perform any checks.
+       *
+       * @param array $row a database row
+       *
+       * @return self
+       */
+       public function importRow( $row )
+       {
+               $this->properties = $row;
+               $this->__info['sys.orig'] = $row;
+               $this->__info['changed'] = FALSE;
+               return $this;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Imports data from another bean. Chainable.
+        * Copies the properties from the source bean to the internal
+        * property list.
+        *
+        * @param OODBBean $sourceBean the source bean to take properties from
+        *
+        * @return OODBBean
+        */
+       public function importFrom( OODBBean $sourceBean )
+       {
+               $this->__info['tainted'] = TRUE;
+               $this->__info['changed'] = TRUE;
+               $this->properties = $sourceBean->properties;
+
+               return $this;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Injects the properties of another bean but keeps the original ID.
+        * Just like import() but keeps the original ID.
+        * Chainable.
+        *
+        * @param OODBBean $otherBean the bean whose properties you would like to copy
+        *
+        * @return OODBBean
+        */
+       public function inject( OODBBean $otherBean )
+       {
+               $myID = $this->properties['id'];
+
+               $this->import( $otherBean->export() );
+
+               $this->id = $myID;
+
+               return $this;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Exports the bean as an array.
+        * This function exports the contents of a bean to an array and returns
+        * the resulting array.
+        *
+        * @param boolean $meta    set to TRUE if you want to export meta data as well
+        * @param boolean $parents set to TRUE if you want to export parents as well
+        * @param boolean $onlyMe  set to TRUE if you want to export only this bean
+        * @param array   $filters optional whitelist for export
+        *
+        * @return array
+        */
+       public function export( $meta = FALSE, $parents = FALSE, $onlyMe = FALSE, $filters = array() )
+       {
+               $arr = array();
+
+               if ( $parents ) {
+                       foreach ( $this as $key => $value ) {
+                               if ( substr( $key, -3 ) != '_id' ) continue;
+
+                               $prop = substr( $key, 0, strlen( $key ) - 3 );
+                               $this->$prop;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               $hasFilters = is_array( $filters ) && count( $filters );
+
+               foreach ( $this as $key => $value ) {
+                       if ( !$onlyMe && is_array( $value ) ) {
+                               $vn = array();
+
+                               foreach ( $value as $i => $b ) {
+                                       if ( !( $b instanceof OODBBean ) ) continue;
+                                       $vn[] = $b->export( $meta, FALSE, FALSE, $filters );
+                                       $value = $vn;
+                               }
+                       } elseif ( $value instanceof OODBBean ) {
+                               if ( $hasFilters ) {
+                                       if ( !in_array( strtolower( $value->getMeta( 'type' ) ), $filters ) ) continue;
+                               }
+
+                               $value = $value->export( $meta, $parents, FALSE, $filters );
+                       }
+
+                       $arr[$key] = $value;
+               }
+
+               if ( $meta ) {
+                       $arr['__info'] = $this->__info;
+               }
+
+               return $arr;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Implements isset() function for use as an array.
+        *
+        * @param string $property name of the property you want to check
+        *
+        * @return boolean
+        */
+       public function __isset( $property )
+       {
+               $property = $this->beau( $property );
+
+               if ( strpos( $property, 'xown' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 4, 1 ) ) ) {
+                       $property = substr($property, 1);
+               }
+               return isset( $this->properties[$property] );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the ID of the bean no matter what the ID field is.
+        *
+        * @return string|null
+        */
+       public function getID()
+       {
+               return ( isset( $this->properties['id'] ) ) ? (string) $this->properties['id'] : NULL;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Unsets a property of a bean.
+        * Magic method, gets called implicitly when performing the unset() operation
+        * on a bean property.
+        *
+        * @param  string $property property to unset
+        *
+        * @return void
+        */
+       public function __unset( $property )
+       {
+               $property = $this->beau( $property );
+
+               if ( strpos( $property, 'xown' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 4, 1 ) ) ) {
+                       $property = substr($property, 1);
+               }
+
+               unset( $this->properties[$property] );
+
+               $shadowKey = 'sys.shadow.'.$property;
+               if ( isset( $this->__info[ $shadowKey ] ) ) unset( $this->__info[$shadowKey] );
+
+               //also clear modifiers
+               $this->withSql    = '';
+               $this->withParams = array();
+               $this->aliasName  = NULL;
+               $this->fetchType  = NULL;
+               $this->noLoad     = FALSE;
+               $this->all        = FALSE;
+               $this->via        = NULL;
+
+               return;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Adds WHERE clause conditions to ownList retrieval.
+        * For instance to get the pages that belong to a book you would
+        * issue the following command: $book->ownPage
+        * However, to order these pages by number use:
+        *
+        * <code>
+        * $book->with(' ORDER BY `number` ASC ')->ownPage
+        * </code>
+        *
+        * the additional SQL snippet will be merged into the final
+        * query.
+        *
+        * @param string $sql      SQL to be added to retrieval query.
+        * @param array  $bindings array with parameters to bind to SQL snippet
+        *
+        * @return OODBBean
+        */
+       public function with( $sql, $bindings = array() )
+       {
+               $this->withSql    = $sql;
+               $this->withParams = $bindings;
+               return $this;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Just like with(). Except that this method prepends the SQL query snippet
+        * with AND which makes it slightly more comfortable to use a conditional
+        * SQL snippet. For instance to filter an own-list with pages (belonging to
+        * a book) on specific chapters you can use:
+        *
+        * $book->withCondition(' chapter = 3 ')->ownPage
+        *
+        * This will return in the own list only the pages having 'chapter == 3'.
+        *
+        * @param string $sql      SQL to be added to retrieval query (prefixed by AND)
+        * @param array  $bindings array with parameters to bind to SQL snippet
+        *
+        * @return OODBBean
+        */
+       public function withCondition( $sql, $bindings = array() )
+       {
+               $this->withSql    = ' AND ' . $sql;
+               $this->withParams = $bindings;
+               return $this;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Tells the bean to (re)load the following list without any
+        * conditions. If you have an ownList or sharedList with a
+        * condition you can use this method to reload the entire list.
+        *
+        * Usage:
+        *
+        * <code>
+        * $bean->with( ' LIMIT 3 ' )->ownPage; //Just 3
+        * $bean->all()->ownPage; //Reload all pages
+        * </code>
+        *
+        * @return self
+        */
+       public function all()
+       {
+               $this->all = TRUE;
+               return $this;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Tells the bean to only access the list but not load
+        * its contents. Use this if you only want to add something to a list
+        * and you have no interest in retrieving its contents from the database.
+        *
+        * @return self
+        */
+       public function noLoad()
+       {
+               $this->noLoad = TRUE;
+               return $this;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Prepares an own-list to use an alias. This is best explained using
+        * an example. Imagine a project and a person. The project always involves
+        * two persons: a teacher and a student. The person beans have been aliased in this
+        * case, so to the project has a teacher_id pointing to a person, and a student_id
+        * also pointing to a person. Given a project, we obtain the teacher like this:
+        *
+        * <code>
+        * $project->fetchAs('person')->teacher;
+        * </code>
+        *
+        * Now, if we want all projects of a teacher we cant say:
+        *
+        * <code>
+        * $teacher->ownProject
+        * </code>
+        *
+        * because the $teacher is a bean of type 'person' and no project has been
+        * assigned to a person. Instead we use the alias() method like this:
+        *
+        * <code>
+        * $teacher->alias('teacher')->ownProject
+        * </code>
+        *
+        * now we get the projects associated with the person bean aliased as
+        * a teacher.
+        *
+        * @param string $aliasName the alias name to use
+        *
+        * @return OODBBean
+        */
+       public function alias( $aliasName )
+       {
+               $this->aliasName = $this->beau( $aliasName );
+
+               return $this;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns properties of bean as an array.
+        * This method returns the raw internal property list of the
+        * bean. Only use this method for optimization purposes. Otherwise
+        * use the export() method to export bean data to arrays.
+        *
+        * @return array
+        */
+       public function getProperties()
+       {
+               return $this->properties;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns properties of bean as an array.
+        * This method returns the raw internal property list of the
+        * bean. Only use this method for optimization purposes. Otherwise
+        * use the export() method to export bean data to arrays.
+        * This method returns an array with the properties array and
+        * the type (string).
+        *
+        * @return array
+        */
+       public function getPropertiesAndType()
+       {
+               return array( $this->properties, $this->__info['type'] );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Turns a camelcase property name into an underscored property name.
+        *
+        * Examples:
+        *
+        * * oneACLRoute -> one_acl_route
+        * * camelCase -> camel_case
+        *
+        * Also caches the result to improve performance.
+        *
+        * @param string $property property to un-beautify
+        *
+        * @return string
+        */
+       public function beau( $property )
+       {
+               static $beautifulColumns = array();
+
+               if ( ctype_lower( $property ) ) return $property;
+
+               if (
+                       ( strpos( $property, 'own' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 3, 1 ) ) )
+                       || ( strpos( $property, 'xown' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 4, 1 ) ) )
+                       || ( strpos( $property, 'shared' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 6, 1 ) ) )
+               ) {
+
+                       $property = preg_replace( '/List$/', '', $property );
+                       return $property;
+               }
+
+               if ( !isset( $beautifulColumns[$property] ) ) {
+                       $beautifulColumns[$property] = AQueryWriter::camelsSnake( $property );
+               }
+
+               return $beautifulColumns[$property];
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Clears all modifiers.
+        *
+        * @return self
+        */
+       public function clearModifiers()
+       {
+               $this->withSql    = '';
+               $this->withParams = array();
+               $this->aliasName  = NULL;
+               $this->fetchType  = NULL;
+               $this->noLoad     = FALSE;
+               $this->all        = FALSE;
+               $this->via        = NULL;
+               return $this;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Determines whether a list is opened in exclusive mode or not.
+        * If a list has been opened in exclusive mode this method will return TRUE,
+        * othwerwise it will return FALSE.
+        *
+        * @param string $listName name of the list to check
+        *
+        * @return boolean
+        */
+       public function isListInExclusiveMode( $listName )
+       {
+               $listName = $this->beau( $listName );
+
+               if ( strpos( $listName, 'xown' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $listName, 4, 1 ) ) ) {
+                       $listName = substr($listName, 1);
+               }
+
+               $listName = lcfirst( substr( $listName, 3 ) );
+
+               return ( isset( $this->__info['sys.exclusive-'.$listName] ) && $this->__info['sys.exclusive-'.$listName] );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Magic Getter. Gets the value for a specific property in the bean.
+        * If the property does not exist this getter will make sure no error
+        * occurs. This is because RedBean allows you to query (probe) for
+        * properties. If the property can not be found this method will
+        * return NULL instead.
+        *
+        * @param string $property name of the property you wish to obtain the value of
+        *
+        * @return mixed
+        */
+       public function &__get( $property )
+       {
+               $isEx          = FALSE;
+               $isOwn         = FALSE;
+               $isShared      = FALSE;
+
+               if ( !ctype_lower( $property ) ) {
+                       $property = $this->beau( $property );
+                       if ( strpos( $property, 'xown' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 4, 1 ) ) ) {
+                               $property = substr($property, 1);
+                               $listName = lcfirst( substr( $property, 3 ) );
+                               $isEx     = TRUE;
+                               $isOwn    = TRUE;
+                               $this->__info['sys.exclusive-'.$listName] = TRUE;
+                       } elseif ( strpos( $property, 'own' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 3, 1 ) ) )  {
+                               $isOwn    = TRUE;
+                               $listName = lcfirst( substr( $property, 3 ) );
+                       } elseif ( strpos( $property, 'shared' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 6, 1 ) ) ) {
+                               $isShared = TRUE;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               $fieldLink      = $property . '_id';
+               $exists         = isset( $this->properties[$property] );
+
+               //If not exists and no field link and no list, bail out.
+               if ( !$exists && !isset($this->$fieldLink) && (!$isOwn && !$isShared )) {
+
+                       $this->withSql    = '';
+                       $this->withParams = array();
+                       $this->aliasName  = NULL;
+                       $this->fetchType  = NULL;
+                       $this->noLoad     = FALSE;
+                       $this->all        = FALSE;
+                       $this->via        = NULL;
+
+                       $NULL = NULL;
+                       return $NULL;
+               }
+
+               $hasAlias       = (!is_null($this->aliasName));
+               $differentAlias = ($hasAlias && $isOwn && isset($this->__info['sys.alias.'.$listName])) ?
+                                                               ($this->__info['sys.alias.'.$listName] !== $this->aliasName) : FALSE;
+               $hasSQL         = ($this->withSql !== '' || $this->via !== NULL);
+               $hasAll         = (boolean) ($this->all);
+
+               //If exists and no list or exits and list not changed, bail out.
+               if ( $exists && ((!$isOwn && !$isShared ) ||  (!$hasSQL && !$differentAlias && !$hasAll)) ) {
+
+                       $this->withSql    = '';
+                       $this->withParams = array();
+                       $this->aliasName  = NULL;
+                       $this->fetchType  = NULL;
+                       $this->noLoad     = FALSE;
+                       $this->all        = FALSE;
+                       $this->via        = NULL;
+                       return $this->properties[$property];
+               }
+
+               list( $redbean, , , $toolbox ) = $this->beanHelper->getExtractedToolbox();
+
+               if ( isset( $this->$fieldLink ) ) {
+                       $this->__info['tainted'] = TRUE;
+
+                       if ( isset( $this->__info["sys.parentcache.$property"] ) ) {
+                               $bean = $this->__info["sys.parentcache.$property"];
+                       } else {
+                               if ( isset( self::$aliases[$property] ) ) {
+                                       $type = self::$aliases[$property];
+                               } elseif ( $this->fetchType ) {
+                                       $type = $this->fetchType;
+                                       $this->fetchType = NULL;
+                               } else {
+                                       $type = $property;
+                               }
+                               $bean = NULL;
+                               if ( !is_null( $this->properties[$fieldLink] ) ) {
+                                       $bean = $redbean->load( $type, $this->properties[$fieldLink] );
+                                       //If the IDs dont match, we failed to load, so try autoresolv in that case...
+                                       if ( $bean->id !== $this->properties[$fieldLink] && self::$autoResolve ) {
+                                               $type = $this->beanHelper->getToolbox()->getWriter()->inferFetchType( $this->__info['type'], $property );
+                                               if ( !is_null( $type) ) {
+                                                       $bean = $redbean->load( $type, $this->properties[$fieldLink] );
+                                                       $this->__info["sys.autoresolved.{$property}"] = $type;
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       $this->properties[$property] = $bean;
+                       $this->withSql               = '';
+                       $this->withParams            = array();
+                       $this->aliasName             = NULL;
+                       $this->fetchType             = NULL;
+                       $this->noLoad                = FALSE;
+                       $this->all                   = FALSE;
+                       $this->via                   = NULL;
+
+                       return $this->properties[$property];
+
+               }
+               //Implicit: elseif ( $isOwn || $isShared ) {
+               if ( $this->noLoad ) {
+                       $beans = array();
+               } elseif ( $isOwn ) {
+                       $beans = $this->getOwnList( $listName, $redbean );
+               } else {
+                       $beans = $this->getSharedList( lcfirst( substr( $property, 6 ) ), $redbean, $toolbox );
+               }
+
+               $this->properties[$property]          = $beans;
+               $this->__info["sys.shadow.$property"] = $beans;
+               $this->__info['tainted']              = TRUE;
+
+               $this->withSql    = '';
+               $this->withParams = array();
+               $this->aliasName  = NULL;
+               $this->fetchType  = NULL;
+               $this->noLoad     = FALSE;
+               $this->all        = FALSE;
+               $this->via        = NULL;
+
+               return $this->properties[$property];
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Magic Setter. Sets the value for a specific property.
+        * This setter acts as a hook for OODB to mark beans as tainted.
+        * The tainted meta property can be retrieved using getMeta("tainted").
+        * The tainted meta property indicates whether a bean has been modified and
+        * can be used in various caching mechanisms.
+        *
+        * @param string $property name of the property you wish to assign a value to
+        * @param  mixed $value    the value you want to assign
+        *
+        * @return void
+        */
+       public function __set( $property, $value )
+       {
+               $isEx          = FALSE;
+               $isOwn         = FALSE;
+               $isShared      = FALSE;
+
+               if ( !ctype_lower( $property ) ) {
+                       $property = $this->beau( $property );
+                       if ( strpos( $property, 'xown' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 4, 1 ) ) ) {
+                               $property = substr($property, 1);
+                               $listName = lcfirst( substr( $property, 3 ) );
+                               $isEx     = TRUE;
+                               $isOwn    = TRUE;
+                               $this->__info['sys.exclusive-'.$listName] = TRUE;
+                       } elseif ( strpos( $property, 'own' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 3, 1 ) ) )  {
+                               $isOwn    = TRUE;
+                               $listName = lcfirst( substr( $property, 3 ) );
+                       } elseif ( strpos( $property, 'shared' ) === 0 && ctype_upper( substr( $property, 6, 1 ) ) ) {
+                               $isShared = TRUE;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               $hasAlias       = (!is_null($this->aliasName));
+               $differentAlias = ($hasAlias && $isOwn && isset($this->__info['sys.alias.'.$listName])) ?
+                                                               ($this->__info['sys.alias.'.$listName] !== $this->aliasName) : FALSE;
+               $hasSQL         = ($this->withSql !== '' || $this->via !== NULL);
+               $exists         = isset( $this->properties[$property] );
+               $fieldLink      = $property . '_id';
+
+               if ( ($isOwn || $isShared) &&  (!$exists || $hasSQL || $differentAlias) ) {
+
+                       if ( !$this->noLoad ) {
+                               list( $redbean, , , $toolbox ) = $this->beanHelper->getExtractedToolbox();
+                               if ( $isOwn ) {
+                                       $beans = $this->getOwnList( $listName, $redbean );
+                               } else {
+                                       $beans = $this->getSharedList( lcfirst( substr( $property, 6 ) ), $redbean, $toolbox );
+                               }
+                               $this->__info["sys.shadow.$property"] = $beans;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               $this->withSql    = '';
+               $this->withParams = array();
+               $this->aliasName  = NULL;
+               $this->fetchType  = NULL;
+               $this->noLoad     = FALSE;
+               $this->all        = FALSE;
+               $this->via        = NULL;
+
+               $this->__info['tainted'] = TRUE;
+               $this->__info['changed'] = TRUE;
+
+               if ( array_key_exists( $fieldLink, $this->properties ) && !( $value instanceof OODBBean ) ) {
+                       if ( is_null( $value ) || $value === FALSE ) {
+
+                               unset( $this->properties[ $property ]);
+                               $this->properties[ $fieldLink ] = NULL;
+
+                               return;
+                       } else {
+                               throw new RedException( 'Cannot cast to bean.' );
+                       }
+               }
+
+               if ( $value === FALSE ) {
+                       $value = '0';
+               } elseif ( $value === TRUE ) {
+                       $value = '1';
+               } elseif ( $value instanceof \DateTime ) {
+                       $value = $value->format( 'Y-m-d H:i:s' );
+               }
+
+               $this->properties[$property] = $value;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Sets a property directly, for internal use only.
+        *
+        * @param string  $property     property
+        * @param mixed   $value        value
+        * @param boolean $updateShadow whether you want to update the shadow
+        * @param boolean $taint        whether you want to mark the bean as tainted
+        *
+        * @return void
+        */
+       public function setProperty( $property, $value, $updateShadow = FALSE, $taint = FALSE )
+       {
+               $this->properties[$property] = $value;
+
+               if ( $updateShadow ) {
+                       $this->__info['sys.shadow.' . $property] = $value;
+               }
+
+               if ( $taint ) {
+                       $this->__info['tainted'] = TRUE;
+                       $this->__info['changed'] = TRUE;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the value of a meta property. A meta property
+        * contains additional information about the bean object that will not
+        * be stored in the database. Meta information is used to instruct
+        * RedBeanPHP as well as other systems how to deal with the bean.
+        * If the property cannot be found this getter will return NULL instead.
+        *
+        * Example:
+        *
+        * <code>
+        * $bean->setMeta( 'flush-cache', TRUE );
+        * </code>
+        *
+        * RedBeanPHP also stores meta data in beans, this meta data uses
+        * keys prefixed with 'sys.' (system).
+        *
+        * @param string $path    path to property in meta data
+        * @param mixed  $default default value
+        *
+        * @return mixed
+        */
+       public function getMeta( $path, $default = NULL )
+       {
+               return ( isset( $this->__info[$path] ) ) ? $this->__info[$path] : $default;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Gets and unsets a meta property.
+        * Moves a meta property out of the bean.
+        * This is a short-cut method that can be used instead
+        * of combining a get/unset.
+        *
+        * @param string $path    path to property in meta data
+        * @param mixed  $default default value
+        *
+        * @return mixed
+        */
+       public function moveMeta( $path, $value = NULL )
+       {
+               if ( isset( $this->__info[$path] ) ) {
+                       $value = $this->__info[ $path ];
+                       unset( $this->__info[ $path ] );
+               }
+               return $value;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Stores a value in the specified Meta information property.
+        * The first argument should be the key to store the value under,
+        * the second argument should be the value. It is common to use
+        * a path-like notation for meta data in RedBeanPHP like:
+        * 'my.meta.data', however the dots are purely for readability, the
+        * meta data methods do not store nested structures or hierarchies.
+        *
+        * @param string $path  path / key to store value under
+        * @param mixed  $value value to store in bean (not in database) as meta data
+        *
+        * @return OODBBean
+        */
+       public function setMeta( $path, $value )
+       {
+               $this->__info[$path] = $value;
+
+               return $this;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Copies the meta information of the specified bean
+        * This is a convenience method to enable you to
+        * exchange meta information easily.
+        *
+        * @param OODBBean $bean bean to copy meta data of
+        *
+        * @return OODBBean
+        */
+       public function copyMetaFrom( OODBBean $bean )
+       {
+               $this->__info = $bean->__info;
+
+               return $this;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Sends the call to the registered model.
+        * This method can also be used to override bean behaviour.
+        * In that case you don't want an error or exception to be triggered
+        * if the method does not exist in the model (because it's optional).
+        * Unfortunately we cannot add an extra argument to __call() for this
+        * because the signature is fixed. Another option would be to set
+        * a special flag ( i.e. $this->isOptionalCall ) but that would
+        * cause additional complexity because we have to deal with extra temporary state.
+        * So, instead I allowed the method name to be prefixed with '@', in practice
+        * nobody creates methods like that - however the '@' symbol in PHP is widely known
+        * to suppress error handling, so we can reuse the semantics of this symbol.
+        * If a method name gets passed starting with '@' the overrideDontFail variable
+        * will be set to TRUE and the '@' will be stripped from the function name before
+        * attempting to invoke the method on the model. This way, we have all the
+        * logic in one place.
+        *
+        * @param string $method name of the method
+        * @param array  $args   argument list
+        *
+        * @return mixed
+        */
+       public function __call( $method, $args )
+       {
+               $overrideDontFail = FALSE;
+               if ( strpos( $method, '@' ) === 0 ) {
+                       $method = substr( $method, 1 );
+                       $overrideDontFail = TRUE;
+               }
+
+               if ( !isset( $this->__info['model'] ) ) {
+                       $model = $this->beanHelper->getModelForBean( $this );
+
+                       if ( !$model ) {
+                               return NULL;
+                       }
+
+                       $this->__info['model'] = $model;
+               }
+               if ( !method_exists( $this->__info['model'], $method ) ) {
+
+                       if ( self::$errorHandlingFUSE === FALSE || $overrideDontFail ) {
+                               return NULL;
+                       }
+
+                       if ( in_array( $method, array( 'update', 'open', 'delete', 'after_delete', 'after_update', 'dispense' ), TRUE ) ) {
+                               return NULL;
+                       }
+
+                       $message = "FUSE: method does not exist in model: $method";
+                       if ( self::$errorHandlingFUSE === self::C_ERR_LOG ) {
+                               error_log( $message );
+                               return NULL;
+                       } elseif ( self::$errorHandlingFUSE === self::C_ERR_NOTICE ) {
+                               trigger_error( $message, E_USER_NOTICE );
+                               return NULL;
+                       } elseif ( self::$errorHandlingFUSE === self::C_ERR_WARN ) {
+                               trigger_error( $message, E_USER_WARNING );
+                               return NULL;
+                       } elseif ( self::$errorHandlingFUSE === self::C_ERR_EXCEPTION ) {
+                               throw new \Exception( $message );
+                       } elseif ( self::$errorHandlingFUSE === self::C_ERR_FUNC ) {
+                               $func = self::$errorHandler;
+                               return $func(array(
+                                       'message' => $message,
+                                       'method' => $method,
+                                       'args' => $args,
+                                       'bean' => $this
+                               ));
+                       }
+                       trigger_error( $message, E_USER_ERROR );
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+
+               return call_user_func_array( array( $this->__info['model'], $method ), $args );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Implementation of __toString Method
+        * Routes call to Model. If the model implements a __toString() method this
+        * method will be called and the result will be returned. In case of an
+        * echo-statement this result will be printed. If the model does not
+        * implement a __toString method, this method will return a JSON
+        * representation of the current bean.
+        *
+        * @return string
+        */
+       public function __toString()
+       {
+               $string = $this->__call( '@__toString', array() );
+
+               if ( $string === NULL ) {
+                       $list = array();
+                       foreach($this->properties as $property => $value) {
+                               if (is_scalar($value)) {
+                                       $list[$property] = $value;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       return json_encode( $list );
+               } else {
+                       return $string;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Implementation of Array Access Interface, you can access bean objects
+        * like an array.
+        * Call gets routed to __set.
+        *
+        * @param  mixed $offset offset string
+        * @param  mixed $value  value
+        *
+        * @return void
+        */
+       public function offsetSet( $offset, $value )
+       {
+               $this->__set( $offset, $value );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Implementation of Array Access Interface, you can access bean objects
+        * like an array.
+        *
+        * Array functions do not reveal x-own-lists and list-alias because
+        * you dont want duplicate entries in foreach-loops.
+        * Also offers a slight performance improvement for array access.
+        *
+        * @param  mixed $offset property
+        *
+        * @return boolean
+        */
+       public function offsetExists( $offset )
+       {
+               return $this->__isset( $offset );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Implementation of Array Access Interface, you can access bean objects
+        * like an array.
+        * Unsets a value from the array/bean.
+        *
+        * Array functions do not reveal x-own-lists and list-alias because
+        * you dont want duplicate entries in foreach-loops.
+        * Also offers a slight performance improvement for array access.
+        *
+        * @param  mixed $offset property
+        *
+        * @return void
+        */
+       public function offsetUnset( $offset )
+       {
+               $this->__unset( $offset );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Implementation of Array Access Interface, you can access bean objects
+        * like an array.
+        * Returns value of a property.
+        *
+        * Array functions do not reveal x-own-lists and list-alias because
+        * you dont want duplicate entries in foreach-loops.
+        * Also offers a slight performance improvement for array access.
+        *
+        * @param  mixed $offset property
+        *
+        * @return mixed
+        */
+       public function &offsetGet( $offset )
+       {
+               return $this->__get( $offset );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Chainable method to cast a certain ID to a bean; for instance:
+        * $person = $club->fetchAs('person')->member;
+        * This will load a bean of type person using member_id as ID.
+        *
+        * @param  string $type preferred fetch type
+        *
+        * @return OODBBean
+        */
+       public function fetchAs( $type )
+       {
+               $this->fetchType = $type;
+
+               return $this;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * For polymorphic bean relations.
+        * Same as fetchAs but uses a column instead of a direct value.
+        *
+        * @param string $field field name to use for mapping
+        *
+        * @return OODBBean
+        */
+       public function poly( $field )
+       {
+               return $this->fetchAs( $this->$field );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Traverses a bean property with the specified function.
+        * Recursively iterates through the property invoking the
+        * function for each bean along the way passing the bean to it.
+        *
+        * Can be used together with with, withCondition, alias and fetchAs.
+        *
+        * @param string $property property
+        * @param callable $function function
+        * @param integer $maxDepth maximum depth for traversal
+        *
+        * @return OODBBean
+        * @throws RedException
+        */
+       public function traverse( $property, $function, $maxDepth = NULL )
+       {
+               $this->via = NULL;
+               if ( strpos( $property, 'shared' ) !== FALSE ) {
+                       throw new RedException( 'Traverse only works with (x)own-lists.' );
+               }
+
+               if ( !is_null( $maxDepth ) ) {
+                       if ( !$maxDepth-- ) return $this;
+               }
+
+               $oldFetchType = $this->fetchType;
+               $oldAliasName = $this->aliasName;
+               $oldWith      = $this->withSql;
+               $oldBindings  = $this->withParams;
+
+               $beans = $this->$property;
+
+               if ( $beans === NULL ) return $this;
+
+               if ( !is_array( $beans ) ) $beans = array( $beans );
+
+               foreach( $beans as $bean ) {
+                       /** @var OODBBean $bean */
+                       $function( $bean );
+
+                       $bean->fetchType  = $oldFetchType;
+                       $bean->aliasName  = $oldAliasName;
+                       $bean->withSql    = $oldWith;
+                       $bean->withParams = $oldBindings;
+
+                       $bean->traverse( $property, $function, $maxDepth );
+               }
+
+               return $this;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Implementation of Countable interface. Makes it possible to use
+        * count() function on a bean.
+        *
+        * @return integer
+        */
+       public function count()
+       {
+               return count( $this->properties );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Checks whether a bean is empty or not.
+        * A bean is empty if it has no other properties than the id field OR
+        * if all the other property are empty().
+        *
+        * @return boolean
+        */
+       public function isEmpty()
+       {
+               $empty = TRUE;
+               foreach ( $this->properties as $key => $value ) {
+                       if ( $key == 'id' ) {
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       if ( !empty( $value ) ) {
+                               $empty = FALSE;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               return $empty;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Chainable setter.
+        *
+        * @param string $property the property of the bean
+        * @param mixed  $value    the value you want to set
+        *
+        * @return OODBBean
+        */
+       public function setAttr( $property, $value )
+       {
+               $this->$property = $value;
+
+               return $this;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Comfort method.
+        * Unsets all properties in array.
+        *
+        * @param array $properties properties you want to unset.
+        *
+        * @return OODBBean
+        */
+       public function unsetAll( $properties )
+       {
+               foreach ( $properties as $prop ) {
+                       if ( isset( $this->properties[$prop] ) ) {
+                               unset( $this->properties[$prop] );
+                       }
+               }
+
+               return $this;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns original (old) value of a property.
+        * You can use this method to see what has changed in a
+        * bean.
+        *
+        * @param string $property name of the property you want the old value of
+        *
+        * @return mixed
+        */
+       public function old( $property )
+       {
+               $old = $this->getMeta( 'sys.orig', array() );
+
+               if ( array_key_exists( $property, $old ) ) {
+                       return $old[$property];
+               }
+
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Convenience method.
+        * Returns TRUE if the bean has been changed, or FALSE otherwise.
+        * Same as $bean->getMeta('tainted');
+        * Note that a bean becomes tainted as soon as you retrieve a list from
+        * the bean. This is because the bean lists are arrays and the bean cannot
+        * determine whether you have made modifications to a list so RedBeanPHP
+        * will mark the whole bean as tainted.
+        *
+        * @return boolean
+        */
+       public function isTainted()
+       {
+               return $this->getMeta( 'tainted' );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns TRUE if the value of a certain property of the bean has been changed and
+        * FALSE otherwise.
+        *
+        * Note that this method will return TRUE if applied to a loaded list.
+        * Also note that this method keeps track of the bean's history regardless whether
+        * it has been stored or not. Storing a bean does not undo it's history,
+        * to clean the history of a bean use: clearHistory().
+        *
+        * @param string  $property name of the property you want the change-status of
+        *
+        * @return boolean
+        */
+       public function hasChanged( $property )
+       {
+               return ( array_key_exists( $property, $this->properties ) ) ?
+                       $this->old( $property ) != $this->properties[$property] : FALSE;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns TRUE if the specified list exists, has been loaded and has been changed:
+        * beans have been added or deleted. This method will not tell you anything about
+        * the state of the beans in the list.
+        *
+        * @param string $property name of the list to check
+        *
+        * @return boolean
+        */
+       public function hasListChanged( $property )
+       {
+               if ( !array_key_exists( $property, $this->properties ) ) return FALSE;
+               $diffAdded = array_diff_assoc( $this->properties[$property], $this->__info['sys.shadow.'.$property] );
+               if ( count( $diffAdded ) ) return TRUE;
+               $diffMissing = array_diff_assoc( $this->__info['sys.shadow.'.$property], $this->properties[$property] );
+               if ( count( $diffMissing ) ) return TRUE;
+               return FALSE;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Clears (syncs) the history of the bean.
+        * Resets all shadow values of the bean to their current value.
+        *
+        * @return self
+        */
+       public function clearHistory()
+       {
+               $this->__info['sys.orig'] = array();
+               foreach( $this->properties as $key => $value ) {
+                       if ( is_scalar($value) ) {
+                               $this->__info['sys.orig'][$key] = $value;
+                       } else {
+                               $this->__info['sys.shadow.'.$key] = $value;
+                       }
+               }
+               return $this;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Creates a N-M relation by linking an intermediate bean.
+        * This method can be used to quickly connect beans using indirect
+        * relations. For instance, given an album and a song you can connect the two
+        * using a track with a number like this:
+        *
+        * Usage:
+        *
+        * <code>
+        * $album->link('track', array('number'=>1))->song = $song;
+        * </code>
+        *
+        * or:
+        *
+        * <code>
+        * $album->link($trackBean)->song = $song;
+        * </code>
+        *
+        * What this method does is adding the link bean to the own-list, in this case
+        * ownTrack. If the first argument is a string and the second is an array or
+        * a JSON string then the linking bean gets dispensed on-the-fly as seen in
+        * example #1. After preparing the linking bean, the bean is returned thus
+        * allowing the chained setter: ->song = $song.
+        *
+        * @param string|OODBBean $type          type of bean to dispense or the full bean
+        * @param string|array    $qualification JSON string or array (optional)
+        *
+        * @return OODBBean
+        */
+       public function link( $typeOrBean, $qualification = array() )
+       {
+               if ( is_string( $typeOrBean ) ) {
+
+                       $typeOrBean = AQueryWriter::camelsSnake( $typeOrBean );
+
+                       $bean = $this->beanHelper->getToolBox()->getRedBean()->dispense( $typeOrBean );
+
+                       if ( is_string( $qualification ) ) {
+                               $data = json_decode( $qualification, TRUE );
+                       } else {
+                               $data = $qualification;
+                       }
+
+                       foreach ( $data as $key => $value ) {
+                               $bean->$key = $value;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       $bean = $typeOrBean;
+               }
+
+               $list = 'own' . ucfirst( $bean->getMeta( 'type' ) );
+
+               array_push( $this->$list, $bean );
+
+               return $bean;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns a bean of the given type with the same ID of as
+        * the current one. This only happens in a one-to-one relation.
+        * This is as far as support for 1-1 goes in RedBeanPHP. This
+        * method will only return a reference to the bean, changing it
+        * and storing the bean will not update the related one-bean.
+        *
+        * @return OODBBean
+        */
+       public function one( $type ) {
+               return $this->beanHelper->getToolBox()->getRedBean()->load( $type, $this->id );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the same bean freshly loaded from the database.
+        *
+        * @return OODBBean
+        */
+       public function fresh()
+       {
+               return $this->beanHelper->getToolbox()->getRedBean()->load( $this->getMeta( 'type' ), $this->properties['id'] );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Registers a association renaming globally.
+        *
+        * @param string $via type you wish to use for shared lists
+        *
+        * @return OODBBean
+        */
+       public function via( $via )
+       {
+               $this->via = AQueryWriter::camelsSnake( $via );
+
+               return $this;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Counts all own beans of type $type.
+        * Also works with alias(), with() and withCondition().
+        *
+        * @param string $type the type of bean you want to count
+        *
+        * @return integer
+        */
+       public function countOwn( $type )
+       {
+               $type = $this->beau( $type );
+
+               if ( $this->aliasName ) {
+                       $myFieldLink     = $this->aliasName . '_id';
+
+                       $this->aliasName = NULL;
+               } else {
+                       $myFieldLink = $this->__info['type'] . '_id';
+               }
+
+               $count = 0;
+
+               if ( $this->getID() ) {
+
+                       $firstKey = NULL;
+                       if ( count( $this->withParams ) > 0 ) {
+                               reset( $this->withParams );
+                               $firstKey = key( $this->withParams );
+                       }
+
+                       $joinSql = $this->parseJoin( $type );
+
+                       if ( !is_numeric( $firstKey ) || $firstKey === NULL ) {
+                                       $bindings           = $this->withParams;
+                                       $bindings[':slot0'] = $this->getID();
+                                       $count              = $this->beanHelper->getToolbox()->getWriter()->queryRecordCount( $type, array(), " {$joinSql} $myFieldLink = :slot0 " . $this->withSql, $bindings );
+                       } else {
+                                       $bindings = array_merge( array( $this->getID() ), $this->withParams );
+                                       $count    = $this->beanHelper->getToolbox()->getWriter()->queryRecordCount( $type, array(), " {$joinSql} $myFieldLink = ? " . $this->withSql, $bindings );
+                       }
+
+               }
+
+               $this->clearModifiers();
+               return (int) $count;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Counts all shared beans of type $type.
+        * Also works with via(), with() and withCondition().
+        *
+        * @param string $type type of bean you wish to count
+        *
+        * @return integer
+        */
+       public function countShared( $type )
+       {
+               $toolbox = $this->beanHelper->getToolbox();
+               $redbean = $toolbox->getRedBean();
+               $writer  = $toolbox->getWriter();
+
+               if ( $this->via ) {
+                       $oldName = $writer->getAssocTable( array( $this->__info['type'], $type ) );
+
+                       if ( $oldName !== $this->via ) {
+                               //set the new renaming rule
+                               $writer->renameAssocTable( $oldName, $this->via );
+                               $this->via = NULL;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               $type  = $this->beau( $type );
+               $count = 0;
+
+               if ( $this->getID() ) {
+                       $count = $redbean->getAssociationManager()->relatedCount( $this, $type, $this->withSql, $this->withParams );
+               }
+
+               $this->clearModifiers();
+               return (integer) $count;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Iterates through the specified own-list and
+        * fetches all properties (with their type) and
+        * returns the references.
+        * Use this method to quickly load indirectly related
+        * beans in an own-list. Whenever you cannot use a
+        * shared-list this method offers the same convenience
+        * by aggregating the parent beans of all children in
+        * the specified own-list.
+        *
+        * Example:
+        *
+        * <code>
+        * $quest->aggr( 'xownQuestTarget', 'target', 'quest' );
+        * </code>
+        *
+        * Loads (in batch) and returns references to all
+        * quest beans residing in the $questTarget->target properties
+        * of each element in the xownQuestTargetList.
+        *
+        * @param string $list     the list you wish to process
+        * @param string $property the property to load
+        * @param string $type     the type of bean residing in this property (optional)
+        *
+        * @return array
+        */
+       public function &aggr( $list, $property, $type = NULL )
+       {
+               $this->via = NULL;
+               $ids = $beanIndex = $references = array();
+
+               if ( strlen( $list ) < 4 ) throw new RedException('Invalid own-list.');
+               if ( strpos( $list, 'own') !== 0 ) throw new RedException('Only own-lists can be aggregated.');
+               if ( !ctype_upper( substr( $list, 3, 1 ) ) ) throw new RedException('Invalid own-list.');
+
+               if ( is_null( $type ) ) $type = $property;
+
+               foreach( $this->$list as $bean ) {
+                       $field = $property . '_id';
+                       if ( isset( $bean->$field)  ) {
+                               $ids[] = $bean->$field;
+                               $beanIndex[$bean->$field] = $bean;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               $beans = $this->beanHelper->getToolBox()->getRedBean()->batch( $type, $ids );
+
+               //now preload the beans as well
+               foreach( $beans as $bean ) {
+                       $beanIndex[$bean->id]->setProperty( $property, $bean );
+               }
+
+               foreach( $beanIndex as $indexedBean ) {
+                       $references[] = $indexedBean->$property;
+               }
+
+               return $references;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Tests whether the database identities of two beans are equal.
+        *
+        * @param OODBBean $bean other bean
+        *
+        * @return boolean
+        */
+       public function equals(OODBBean $bean)
+       {
+               return (bool) (
+                          ( (string) $this->properties['id'] === (string) $bean->properties['id'] )
+                       && ( (string) $this->__info['type']   === (string) $bean->__info['type']   )
+               );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Magic method jsonSerialize, implementation for the \JsonSerializable interface,
+        * this method gets called by json_encode and facilitates a better JSON representation
+        * of the bean. Exports the bean on JSON serialization, for the JSON fans.
+        *
+        * @see  http://php.net/manual/en/class.jsonserializable.php
+        *
+        * @return array
+        */
+       public function jsonSerialize()
+       {
+               return $this->export();
+       }
+}