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[yaffs-website] / vendor / gabordemooij / redbean / RedBeanPHP / QueryWriter / AQueryWriter.php
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+<?php
+
+namespace RedBeanPHP\QueryWriter;
+
+use RedBeanPHP\Adapter\DBAdapter as DBAdapter;
+use RedBeanPHP\RedException as RedException;
+use RedBeanPHP\QueryWriter as QueryWriter;
+use RedBeanPHP\OODBBean as OODBBean;
+use RedBeanPHP\RedException\SQL as SQLException;
+
+/**
+ * RedBeanPHP Abstract Query Writer.
+ * Represents an abstract Database to RedBean
+ * To write a driver for a different database for RedBean
+ * Contains a number of functions all implementors can
+ * inherit or override.
+ *
+ * @file    RedBeanPHP/QueryWriter/AQueryWriter.php
+ * @author  Gabor de Mooij and the RedBeanPHP Community
+ * @license BSD/GPLv2
+ *
+ * @copyright
+ * (c) copyright G.J.G.T. (Gabor) de Mooij and the RedBeanPHP Community.
+ * This source file is subject to the BSD/GPLv2 License that is bundled
+ * with this source code in the file license.txt.
+ */
+abstract class AQueryWriter
+{
+       /**
+        * @var array
+        */
+       private static $sqlFilters = array();
+
+       /**
+        * @var boolean
+        */
+       private static $flagSQLFilterSafeMode = false;
+
+       /**
+        * @var boolean
+        */
+       private static $flagNarrowFieldMode = true;
+
+       /**
+        * @var array
+        */
+       public static $renames = array();
+
+       /**
+        * @var DBAdapter
+        */
+       protected $adapter;
+
+       /**
+        * @var string
+        */
+       protected $defaultValue = 'NULL';
+
+       /**
+        * @var string
+        */
+       protected $quoteCharacter = '';
+
+       /**
+        * @var boolean
+        */
+       protected $flagUseCache = TRUE;
+
+       /**
+        * @var array
+        */
+       protected $cache = array();
+
+       /**
+        * @var integer
+        */
+       protected $maxCacheSizePerType = 20;
+
+       /**
+        * @var array
+        */
+       public $typeno_sqltype = array();
+
+       /**
+        * Checks whether a number can be treated like an int.
+        *
+        * @param  string $value string representation of a certain value
+        *
+        * @return boolean
+        */
+       public static function canBeTreatedAsInt( $value )
+       {
+               return (bool) ( strval( $value ) === strval( intval( $value ) ) );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @see QueryWriter::getAssocTableFormat
+        */
+       public static function getAssocTableFormat( $types )
+       {
+               sort( $types );
+
+               $assoc = implode( '_', $types );
+
+               return ( isset( self::$renames[$assoc] ) ) ? self::$renames[$assoc] : $assoc;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @see QueryWriter::renameAssociation
+        */
+       public static function renameAssociation( $from, $to = NULL )
+       {
+               if ( is_array( $from ) ) {
+                       foreach ( $from as $key => $value ) self::$renames[$key] = $value;
+
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               self::$renames[$from] = $to;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Globally available service method for RedBeanPHP.
+        * Converts a camel cased string to a snake cased string.
+        *
+        * @param string $camel camelCased string to converty to snake case
+        *
+        * @return string
+        */
+       public static function camelsSnake( $camel )
+       {
+               return strtolower( preg_replace( '/(?<=[a-z])([A-Z])|([A-Z])(?=[a-z])/', '_$1$2', $camel ) );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Clears renames.
+        *
+        * @return void
+        */
+       public static function clearRenames()
+       {
+               self::$renames = array();
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Toggles 'Narrow Field Mode'.
+        * In Narrow Field mode the queryRecord method will
+        * narrow its selection field to
+        *
+        * SELECT {table}.*
+        *
+        * instead of
+        *
+        * SELECT *
+        *
+        * This is a better way of querying because it allows
+        * more flexibility (for instance joins). However if you need
+        * the wide selector for backward compatibility; use this method
+        * to turn OFF Narrow Field Mode by passing FALSE.
+        *
+        * @param boolean $narrowField TRUE = Narrow Field FALSE = Wide Field
+        *
+        * @return void
+        */
+       public static function setNarrowFieldMode( $narrowField )
+       {
+               self::$flagNarrowFieldMode = (boolean) $narrowField;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Sets SQL filters.
+        * This is a lowlevel method to set the SQL filter array.
+        * The format of this array is:
+        *
+        * <code>
+        * array(
+        *              '<MODE, i.e. 'r' for read, 'w' for write>' => array(
+        *                      '<TABLE NAME>' => array(
+        *                              '<COLUMN NAME>' => '<SQL>'
+        *                      )
+        *              )
+        * )
+        * </code>
+        *
+        * Example:
+        *
+        * <code>
+        * array(
+        *   QueryWriter::C_SQLFILTER_READ => array(
+        *      'book' => array(
+        *              'title' => ' LOWER(book.title) '
+        *      )
+        * )
+        * </code>
+        *
+        * Note that you can use constants instead of magical chars
+        * as keys for the uppermost array.
+        * This is a lowlevel method. For a more friendly method
+        * please take a look at the facade: R::bindFunc().
+        *
+        * @param array list of filters to set
+        *
+        * @return void
+        */
+       public static function setSQLFilters( $sqlFilters, $safeMode = false )
+       {
+               self::$flagSQLFilterSafeMode = (boolean) $safeMode;
+               self::$sqlFilters = $sqlFilters;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns current SQL Filters.
+        * This method returns the raw SQL filter array.
+        * This is a lowlevel method. For a more friendly method
+        * please take a look at the facade: R::bindFunc().
+        *
+        * @return array
+        */
+       public static function getSQLFilters()
+       {
+               return self::$sqlFilters;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns a cache key for the cache values passed.
+        * This method returns a fingerprint string to be used as a key to store
+        * data in the writer cache.
+        *
+        * @param array $keyValues key-value to generate key for
+        *
+        * @return string
+        */
+       private function getCacheKey( $keyValues )
+       {
+               return json_encode( $keyValues );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the values associated with the provided cache tag and key.
+        *
+        * @param string $cacheTag cache tag to use for lookup
+        * @param string $key      key to use for lookup
+        *
+        * @return mixed
+        */
+       private function getCached( $cacheTag, $key )
+       {
+               $sql = $this->adapter->getSQL();
+
+               if ($this->updateCache()) {
+                       if ( isset( $this->cache[$cacheTag][$key] ) ) {
+                               return $this->cache[$cacheTag][$key];
+                       }
+               }
+
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Checks if the previous query had a keep-cache tag.
+        * If so, the cache will persist, otherwise the cache will be flushed.
+        *
+        * Returns TRUE if the cache will remain and FALSE if a flush has
+        * been performed.
+        *
+        * @return boolean
+        */
+       private function updateCache()
+       {
+               $sql = $this->adapter->getSQL();
+               if ( strpos( $sql, '-- keep-cache' ) !== strlen( $sql ) - 13 ) {
+                       // If SQL has been taken place outside of this method then something else then
+                       // a select query might have happened! (or instruct to keep cache)
+                       $this->cache = array();
+                       return FALSE;
+               }
+               return TRUE;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Stores data from the writer in the cache under a specific key and cache tag.
+        * A cache tag is used to make sure the cache remains consistent. In most cases the cache tag
+        * will be the bean type, this makes sure queries associated with a certain reference type will
+        * never contain conflicting data.
+        * Why not use the cache tag as a key? Well
+        * we need to make sure the cache contents fits the key (and key is based on the cache values).
+        * Otherwise it would be possible to store two different result sets under the same key (the cache tag).
+        *
+        * In previous versions you could only store one key-entry, I have changed this to
+        * improve caching efficiency (issue #400).
+        *
+        * @param string $cacheTag cache tag (secondary key)
+        * @param string $key      key to store values under
+        * @param array  $values   content to be stored
+        *
+        * @return void
+        */
+       private function putResultInCache( $cacheTag, $key, $values )
+       {
+               if ( isset( $this->cache[$cacheTag] ) ) {
+                       if ( count( $this->cache[$cacheTag] ) > $this->maxCacheSizePerType ) array_shift( $this->cache[$cacheTag] );
+               } else {
+                       $this->cache[$cacheTag] = array();
+               }
+
+               $this->cache[$cacheTag][$key] = $values;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Creates an SQL snippet from a list of conditions of format:
+        *
+        * <code>
+        * array(
+        *    key => array(
+        *           value1, value2, value3 ....
+        *        )
+        * )
+        * </code>
+        *
+        * @param array  $conditions list of conditions
+        * @param array  $bindings   parameter bindings for SQL snippet
+        * @param string $addSql     additional SQL snippet to append to result
+        *
+        * @return string
+        */
+       private function makeSQLFromConditions( $conditions, &$bindings, $addSql = '' )
+       {
+               reset( $bindings );
+               $firstKey       = key( $bindings );
+               $paramTypeIsNum = ( is_numeric( $firstKey ) );
+               $counter        = 0;
+
+               $sqlConditions = array();
+               foreach ( $conditions as $column => $values ) {
+                       if ( !count( $values ) ) continue;
+
+                       $sql = $this->esc( $column );
+                       $sql .= ' IN ( ';
+
+                       if ( !is_array( $values ) ) $values = array( $values );
+
+                       if ( $paramTypeIsNum ) {
+                               $sql .= implode( ',', array_fill( 0, count( $values ), '?' ) ) . ' ) ';
+
+                               array_unshift($sqlConditions, $sql);
+
+                               foreach ( $values as $k => $v ) {
+                                       $values[$k] = strval( $v );
+
+                                       array_unshift( $bindings, $v );
+                               }
+                       } else {
+
+                               $slots = array();
+
+                               foreach( $values as $k => $v ) {
+                                       $slot            = ':slot'.$counter++;
+                                       $slots[]         = $slot;
+                                       $bindings[$slot] = strval( $v );
+                               }
+
+                               $sql .= implode( ',', $slots ).' ) ';
+                               $sqlConditions[] = $sql;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               $sql = '';
+               if ( is_array( $sqlConditions ) && count( $sqlConditions ) > 0 ) {
+                       $sql = implode( ' AND ', $sqlConditions );
+                       $sql = " WHERE ( $sql ) ";
+
+                       if ( $addSql ) $sql .= $addSql;
+               } elseif ( $addSql ) {
+                       $sql = $addSql;
+               }
+
+               return $sql;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the table names and column names for a relational query.
+        *
+        * @param string  $sourceType type of the source bean
+        * @param string  $destType   type of the bean you want to obtain using the relation
+        * @param boolean $noQuote    TRUE if you want to omit quotes
+        *
+        * @return array
+        */
+       private function getRelationalTablesAndColumns( $sourceType, $destType, $noQuote = FALSE )
+       {
+               $linkTable   = $this->esc( $this->getAssocTable( array( $sourceType, $destType ) ), $noQuote );
+               $sourceCol   = $this->esc( $sourceType . '_id', $noQuote );
+
+               if ( $sourceType === $destType ) {
+                       $destCol = $this->esc( $destType . '2_id', $noQuote );
+               } else {
+                       $destCol = $this->esc( $destType . '_id', $noQuote );
+               }
+
+               $sourceTable = $this->esc( $sourceType, $noQuote );
+               $destTable   = $this->esc( $destType, $noQuote );
+
+               return array( $sourceTable, $destTable, $linkTable, $sourceCol, $destCol );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Given a type and a property name this method
+        * returns the foreign key map section associated with this pair.
+        *
+        * @param string $type     name of the type
+        * @param string $property name of the property
+        *
+        * @return array|NULL
+        */
+       protected function getForeignKeyForTypeProperty( $type, $property )
+       {
+               $property = $this->esc( $property, TRUE );
+
+               try {
+                       $map = $this->getKeyMapForType( $type );
+               } catch ( SQLException $e ) {
+                       return NULL;
+               }
+
+               foreach( $map as $key ) {
+                       if ( $key['from'] === $property ) return $key;
+               }
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the foreign key map (FKM) for a type.
+        * A foreign key map describes the foreign keys in a table.
+        * A FKM always has the same structure:
+        *
+        * <code>
+        * array(
+        *      'name'      => <name of the foreign key>
+        *    'from'      => <name of the column on the source table>
+        *    'table'     => <name of the target table>
+        *    'to'        => <name of the target column> (most of the time 'id')
+        *    'on_update' => <update rule: 'SET NULL','CASCADE' or 'RESTRICT'>
+        *    'on_delete' => <delete rule: 'SET NULL','CASCADE' or 'RESTRICT'>
+        * )
+        * </code>
+        *
+        * @note the keys in the result array are FKDLs, i.e. descriptive unique
+        * keys per source table. Also see: AQueryWriter::makeFKLabel for details.
+        *
+        * @param string $type the bean type you wish to obtain a key map of
+        *
+        * @return array
+        */
+       protected function getKeyMapForType( $type )
+       {
+               return array();
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * This method makes a key for a foreign key description array.
+        * This key is a readable string unique for every source table.
+        * This uniform key is called the FKDL Foreign Key Description Label.
+        * Note that the source table is not part of the FKDL because
+        * this key is supposed to be 'per source table'. If you wish to
+        * include a source table, prefix the key with 'on_table_<SOURCE>_'.
+        *
+        * @param string $from  the column of the key in the source table
+        * @param string $type  the type (table) where the key points to
+        * @param string $to    the target column of the foreign key (mostly just 'id')
+        *
+        * @return string
+        */
+       protected function makeFKLabel($from, $type, $to)
+       {
+               return "from_{$from}_to_table_{$type}_col_{$to}";
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns an SQL Filter snippet for reading.
+        *
+        * @param string $type type of bean
+        *
+        * @return string
+        */
+       protected function getSQLFilterSnippet( $type )
+       {
+               $existingCols = array();
+               if (self::$flagSQLFilterSafeMode) {
+                       $existingCols = $this->getColumns( $type );
+               }
+
+               $sqlFilters = array();
+               if ( isset( self::$sqlFilters[QueryWriter::C_SQLFILTER_READ][$type] ) ) {
+                       foreach( self::$sqlFilters[QueryWriter::C_SQLFILTER_READ][$type] as $property => $sqlFilter ) {
+                               if ( !self::$flagSQLFilterSafeMode || isset( $existingCols[$property] ) ) {
+                                       $sqlFilters[] = $sqlFilter.' AS '.$property.' ';
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+               $sqlFilterStr = ( count($sqlFilters) ) ? ( ','.implode( ',', $sqlFilters ) ) : '';
+               return $sqlFilterStr;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Generates a list of parameters (slots) for an SQL snippet.
+        * This method calculates the correct number of slots to insert in the
+        * SQL snippet and determines the correct type of slot. If the bindings
+        * array contains named parameters this method will return named ones and
+        * update the keys in the value list accordingly (that's why we use the &).
+        *
+        * If you pass an offset the bindings will be re-added to the value list.
+        * Some databases cant handle duplicate parameter names in queries.
+        *
+        * @param array   &$valueList    list of values to generate slots for (gets modified if needed)
+        * @param array   $otherBindings list of additional bindings
+        * @param integer $offset        start counter at...
+        *
+        * @return string
+        */
+       protected function getParametersForInClause( &$valueList, $otherBindings, $offset = 0 )
+       {
+               if ( is_array( $otherBindings ) && count( $otherBindings ) > 0 ) {
+                       reset( $otherBindings );
+
+                       $key = key( $otherBindings );
+
+                       if ( !is_numeric($key) ) {
+                               $filler  = array();
+                               $newList = (!$offset) ? array() : $valueList;
+                               $counter = $offset;
+
+                               foreach( $valueList as $value ) {
+                                       $slot           = ':slot' . ( $counter++ );
+                                       $filler[]       = $slot;
+                                       $newList[$slot] = $value;
+                               }
+
+                               // Change the keys!
+                               $valueList = $newList;
+
+                               return implode( ',', $filler );
+                       }
+               }
+
+               return implode( ',', array_fill( 0, count( $valueList ), '?' ) );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Adds a data type to the list of data types.
+        * Use this method to add a new column type definition to the writer.
+        * Used for UUID support.
+        *
+        * @param integer $dataTypeID    magic number constant assigned to this data type
+        * @param string  $SQLDefinition SQL column definition (i.e. INT(11))
+        *
+        * @return self
+        */
+       protected function addDataType( $dataTypeID, $SQLDefinition )
+       {
+               $this->typeno_sqltype[ $dataTypeID ] = $SQLDefinition;
+               $this->sqltype_typeno[ $SQLDefinition ] = $dataTypeID;
+               return $this;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Returns the sql that should follow an insert statement.
+        *
+        * @param string $table name
+        *
+        * @return string
+        */
+       protected function getInsertSuffix( $table )
+       {
+               return '';
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Checks whether a value starts with zeros. In this case
+        * the value should probably be stored using a text datatype instead of a
+        * numerical type in order to preserve the zeros.
+        *
+        * @param string $value value to be checked.
+        *
+        * @return boolean
+        */
+       protected function startsWithZeros( $value )
+       {
+               $value = strval( $value );
+
+               if ( strlen( $value ) > 1 && strpos( $value, '0' ) === 0 && strpos( $value, '0.' ) !== 0 ) {
+                       return TRUE;
+               } else {
+                       return FALSE;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Inserts a record into the database using a series of insert columns
+        * and corresponding insertvalues. Returns the insert id.
+        *
+        * @param string $table         table to perform query on
+        * @param array  $insertcolumns columns to be inserted
+        * @param array  $insertvalues  values to be inserted
+        *
+        * @return integer
+        */
+       protected function insertRecord( $type, $insertcolumns, $insertvalues )
+       {
+               $default = $this->defaultValue;
+               $suffix  = $this->getInsertSuffix( $type );
+               $table   = $this->esc( $type );
+
+               if ( count( $insertvalues ) > 0 && is_array( $insertvalues[0] ) && count( $insertvalues[0] ) > 0 ) {
+
+                       $insertSlots = array();
+                       foreach ( $insertcolumns as $k => $v ) {
+                               $insertcolumns[$k] = $this->esc( $v );
+
+                               if (isset(self::$sqlFilters['w'][$type][$v])) {
+                                       $insertSlots[] = self::$sqlFilters['w'][$type][$v];
+                               } else {
+                                       $insertSlots[] = '?';
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       $insertSQL = "INSERT INTO $table ( id, " . implode( ',', $insertcolumns ) . " ) VALUES
+                       ( $default, " . implode( ',', $insertSlots ) . " ) $suffix";
+
+                       $ids = array();
+                       foreach ( $insertvalues as $i => $insertvalue ) {
+                               $ids[] = $this->adapter->getCell( $insertSQL, $insertvalue, $i );
+                       }
+
+                       $result = count( $ids ) === 1 ? array_pop( $ids ) : $ids;
+               } else {
+                       $result = $this->adapter->getCell( "INSERT INTO $table (id) VALUES($default) $suffix" );
+               }
+
+               if ( $suffix ) return $result;
+
+               $last_id = $this->adapter->getInsertID();
+
+               return $last_id;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Checks table name or column name.
+        *
+        * @param string $table table string
+        *
+        * @return string
+        */
+       protected function check( $struct )
+       {
+               if ( !is_string( $struct ) || !preg_match( '/^[a-zA-Z0-9_]+$/', $struct ) ) {
+                       throw new RedException( 'Identifier does not conform to RedBeanPHP security policies.' );
+               }
+
+               return $struct;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Checks whether the specified type (i.e. table) already exists in the database.
+        * Not part of the Object Database interface!
+        *
+        * @param string $table table name
+        *
+        * @return boolean
+        */
+       public function tableExists( $table )
+       {
+               $tables = $this->getTables();
+
+               return in_array( $table, $tables );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @see QueryWriter::glueSQLCondition
+        */
+       public function glueSQLCondition( $sql, $glue = NULL )
+       {
+               static $snippetCache = array();
+
+               if ( trim( $sql ) === '' ) {
+                       return $sql;
+               }
+
+               $key = $glue . '|' . $sql;
+
+               if ( isset( $snippetCache[$key] ) ) {
+                       return $snippetCache[$key];
+               }
+
+               $lsql = ltrim( $sql );
+
+               if ( preg_match( '/^(INNER|LEFT|RIGHT|JOIN|AND|OR|WHERE|ORDER|GROUP|HAVING|LIMIT|OFFSET)\s+/i', $lsql ) ) {
+                       if ( $glue === QueryWriter::C_GLUE_WHERE && stripos( $lsql, 'AND' ) === 0 ) {
+                               $snippetCache[$key] = ' WHERE ' . substr( $lsql, 3 );
+                       } else {
+                               $snippetCache[$key] = $sql;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       $snippetCache[$key] = ( ( $glue === QueryWriter::C_GLUE_AND ) ? ' AND ' : ' WHERE ') . $sql;
+               }
+
+               return $snippetCache[$key];
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @see QueryWriter::glueLimitOne
+        */
+       public function glueLimitOne( $sql = '')
+       {
+               return ( strpos( strtoupper( $sql ), 'LIMIT' ) === FALSE ) ? ( $sql . ' LIMIT 1 ' ) : $sql;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @see QueryWriter::esc
+        */
+       public function esc( $dbStructure, $dontQuote = FALSE )
+       {
+               $this->check( $dbStructure );
+
+               return ( $dontQuote ) ? $dbStructure : $this->quoteCharacter . $dbStructure . $this->quoteCharacter;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @see QueryWriter::addColumn
+        */
+       public function addColumn( $type, $column, $field )
+       {
+               $table  = $type;
+               $type   = $field;
+               $table  = $this->esc( $table );
+               $column = $this->esc( $column );
+
+               $type = ( isset( $this->typeno_sqltype[$type] ) ) ? $this->typeno_sqltype[$type] : '';
+
+               $this->adapter->exec( "ALTER TABLE $table ADD $column $type " );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @see QueryWriter::updateRecord
+        */
+       public function updateRecord( $type, $updatevalues, $id = NULL )
+       {
+               $table = $type;
+
+               if ( !$id ) {
+                       $insertcolumns = $insertvalues = array();
+
+                       foreach ( $updatevalues as $pair ) {
+                               $insertcolumns[] = $pair['property'];
+                               $insertvalues[]  = $pair['value'];
+                       }
+
+                       //Otherwise psql returns string while MySQL/SQLite return numeric causing problems with additions (array_diff)
+                       return (string) $this->insertRecord( $table, $insertcolumns, array( $insertvalues ) );
+               }
+
+               if ( $id && !count( $updatevalues ) ) {
+                       return $id;
+               }
+
+               $table = $this->esc( $table );
+               $sql   = "UPDATE $table SET ";
+
+               $p = $v = array();
+
+               foreach ( $updatevalues as $uv ) {
+
+                       if ( isset( self::$sqlFilters['w'][$type][$uv['property']] ) ) {
+                               $p[] = " {$this->esc( $uv["property"] )} = ". self::$sqlFilters['w'][$type][$uv['property']];
+                       } else {
+                               $p[] = " {$this->esc( $uv["property"] )} = ? ";
+                       }
+
+                       $v[] = $uv['value'];
+               }
+
+               $sql .= implode( ',', $p ) . ' WHERE id = ? ';
+
+               $v[] = $id;
+
+               $this->adapter->exec( $sql, $v );
+
+               return $id;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @see QueryWriter::writeJoin
+        */
+       public function writeJoin( $type, $targetType, $leftRight = 'LEFT' )
+       {
+               if ( $leftRight !== 'LEFT' && $leftRight !== 'RIGHT' && $leftRight !== 'INNER' )
+                       throw new RedException( 'Invalid JOIN.' );
+
+               $table = $this->esc( $type );
+               $targetTable = $this->esc( $targetType );
+               $field = $this->esc( $targetType, TRUE );
+               return " {$leftRight} JOIN {$targetTable} ON {$targetTable}.id = {$table}.{$field}_id ";
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @see QueryWriter::queryRecord
+        */
+       public function queryRecord( $type, $conditions = array(), $addSql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+       {
+               $addSql = $this->glueSQLCondition( $addSql, ( count($conditions) > 0) ? QueryWriter::C_GLUE_AND : NULL );
+
+               $key = NULL;
+               if ( $this->flagUseCache ) {
+                       $key = $this->getCacheKey( array( $conditions, $addSql, $bindings, 'select' ) );
+
+                       if ( $cached = $this->getCached( $type, $key ) ) {
+                               return $cached;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               $table = $this->esc( $type );
+
+               $sqlFilterStr = '';
+               if ( count( self::$sqlFilters ) ) {
+                       $sqlFilterStr = $this->getSQLFilterSnippet( $type );
+               }
+
+               $sql   = $this->makeSQLFromConditions( $conditions, $bindings, $addSql );
+
+               $fieldSelection = ( self::$flagNarrowFieldMode ) ? "{$table}.*" : '*';
+               $sql   = "SELECT {$fieldSelection} {$sqlFilterStr} FROM {$table} {$sql} -- keep-cache";
+
+               $rows  = $this->adapter->get( $sql, $bindings );
+
+               if ( $this->flagUseCache && $key ) {
+                       $this->putResultInCache( $type, $key, $rows );
+               }
+
+               return $rows;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @see QueryWriter::queryRecordWithCursor
+        */
+       public function queryRecordWithCursor( $type, $addSql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+       {
+               $sql = $this->glueSQLCondition( $addSql, NULL );
+               $table = $this->esc( $type );
+               $sql   = "SELECT {$table}.* FROM {$table} {$sql}";
+               return $this->adapter->getCursor( $sql, $bindings );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @see QueryWriter::queryRecordRelated
+        */
+       public function queryRecordRelated( $sourceType, $destType, $linkIDs, $addSql = '', $bindings = array() )
+       {
+               $addSql = $this->glueSQLCondition( $addSql, QueryWriter::C_GLUE_WHERE );
+
+               list( $sourceTable, $destTable, $linkTable, $sourceCol, $destCol ) = $this->getRelationalTablesAndColumns( $sourceType, $destType );
+
+               $key = $this->getCacheKey( array( $sourceType, $destType, implode( ',', $linkIDs ), $addSql, $bindings ) );
+
+               if ( $this->flagUseCache && $cached = $this->getCached( $destType, $key ) ) {
+                       return $cached;
+               }
+
+               $inClause = $this->getParametersForInClause( $linkIDs, $bindings );
+
+               $sqlFilterStr = '';
+               if ( count( self::$sqlFilters ) ) {
+                       $sqlFilterStr = $this->getSQLFilterSnippet( $destType );
+               }
+
+               if ( $sourceType === $destType ) {
+                       $inClause2 = $this->getParametersForInClause( $linkIDs, $bindings, count( $bindings ) ); //for some databases
+                       $sql = "
+                       SELECT
+                               {$destTable}.* {$sqlFilterStr} ,
+                               COALESCE(
+                               NULLIF({$linkTable}.{$sourceCol}, {$destTable}.id),
+                               NULLIF({$linkTable}.{$destCol}, {$destTable}.id)) AS linked_by
+                       FROM {$linkTable}
+                       INNER JOIN {$destTable} ON
+                       ( {$destTable}.id = {$linkTable}.{$destCol} AND {$linkTable}.{$sourceCol} IN ($inClause) ) OR
+                       ( {$destTable}.id = {$linkTable}.{$sourceCol} AND {$linkTable}.{$destCol} IN ($inClause2) )
+                       {$addSql}
+                       -- keep-cache";
+
+                       $linkIDs = array_merge( $linkIDs, $linkIDs );
+               } else {
+                       $sql = "
+                       SELECT
+                               {$destTable}.* {$sqlFilterStr},
+                               {$linkTable}.{$sourceCol} AS linked_by
+                       FROM {$linkTable}
+                       INNER JOIN {$destTable} ON
+                       ( {$destTable}.id = {$linkTable}.{$destCol} AND {$linkTable}.{$sourceCol} IN ($inClause) )
+                       {$addSql}
+                       -- keep-cache";
+               }
+
+               $bindings = array_merge( $linkIDs, $bindings );
+
+               $rows = $this->adapter->get( $sql, $bindings );
+
+               $this->putResultInCache( $destType, $key, $rows );
+
+               return $rows;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @see QueryWriter::queryRecordLink
+        */
+       public function queryRecordLink( $sourceType, $destType, $sourceID, $destID )
+       {
+               list( $sourceTable, $destTable, $linkTable, $sourceCol, $destCol ) = $this->getRelationalTablesAndColumns( $sourceType, $destType );
+
+               $key = $this->getCacheKey( array( $sourceType, $destType, $sourceID, $destID ) );
+
+               if ( $this->flagUseCache && $cached = $this->getCached( $linkTable, $key ) ) {
+                       return $cached;
+               }
+
+               $sqlFilterStr = '';
+               if ( count( self::$sqlFilters ) ) {
+                       $sqlFilterStr = $this->getSQLFilterSnippet( $destType );
+               }
+
+               if ( $sourceTable === $destTable ) {
+                       $sql = "SELECT {$linkTable}.* {$sqlFilterStr} FROM {$linkTable}
+                               WHERE ( {$sourceCol} = ? AND {$destCol} = ? ) OR
+                                ( {$destCol} = ? AND {$sourceCol} = ? ) -- keep-cache";
+                       $row = $this->adapter->getRow( $sql, array( $sourceID, $destID, $sourceID, $destID ) );
+               } else {
+                       $sql = "SELECT {$linkTable}.* {$sqlFilterStr} FROM {$linkTable}
+                               WHERE {$sourceCol} = ? AND {$destCol} = ? -- keep-cache";
+                       $row = $this->adapter->getRow( $sql, array( $sourceID, $destID ) );
+               }
+
+               $this->putResultInCache( $linkTable, $key, $row );
+
+               return $row;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @see QueryWriter::queryTagged
+        */
+       public function queryTagged( $type, $tagList, $all = FALSE, $addSql = '', $bindings = array() )
+       {
+               $assocType = $this->getAssocTable( array( $type, 'tag' ) );
+               $assocTable = $this->esc( $assocType );
+               $assocField = $type . '_id';
+               $table = $this->esc( $type );
+               $slots = implode( ',', array_fill( 0, count( $tagList ), '?' ) );
+               $score = ( $all ) ? count( $tagList ) : 1;
+
+               $sql = "
+                       SELECT {$table}.*, count({$table}.id) FROM {$table}
+                       INNER JOIN {$assocTable} ON {$assocField} = {$table}.id
+                       INNER JOIN tag ON {$assocTable}.tag_id = tag.id
+                       WHERE tag.title IN ({$slots})
+                       GROUP BY {$table}.id
+                       HAVING count({$table}.id) >= ?
+                       {$addSql}
+               ";
+
+               $bindings = array_merge( $tagList, array( $score ), $bindings );
+               $rows = $this->adapter->get( $sql, $bindings );
+               return $rows;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @see QueryWriter::queryRecordCount
+        */
+       public function queryRecordCount( $type, $conditions = array(), $addSql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+       {
+               $addSql = $this->glueSQLCondition( $addSql );
+
+               $table  = $this->esc( $type );
+
+               $this->updateCache(); //check if cache chain has been broken
+
+               $sql    = $this->makeSQLFromConditions( $conditions, $bindings, $addSql );
+               $sql    = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {$table} {$sql} -- keep-cache";
+
+               return (int) $this->adapter->getCell( $sql, $bindings );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @see QueryWriter::queryRecordCountRelated
+        */
+       public function queryRecordCountRelated( $sourceType, $destType, $linkID, $addSql = '', $bindings = array() )
+       {
+               list( $sourceTable, $destTable, $linkTable, $sourceCol, $destCol ) = $this->getRelationalTablesAndColumns( $sourceType, $destType );
+
+               $this->updateCache(); //check if cache chain has been broken
+
+               if ( $sourceType === $destType ) {
+                       $sql = "
+                       SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {$linkTable}
+                       INNER JOIN {$destTable} ON
+                       ( {$destTable}.id = {$linkTable}.{$destCol} AND {$linkTable}.{$sourceCol} = ? ) OR
+                       ( {$destTable}.id = {$linkTable}.{$sourceCol} AND {$linkTable}.{$destCol} = ? )
+                       {$addSql}
+                       -- keep-cache";
+
+                       $bindings = array_merge( array( $linkID, $linkID ), $bindings );
+               } else {
+                       $sql = "
+                       SELECT COUNT(*) FROM {$linkTable}
+                       INNER JOIN {$destTable} ON
+                       ( {$destTable}.id = {$linkTable}.{$destCol} AND {$linkTable}.{$sourceCol} = ? )
+                       {$addSql}
+                       -- keep-cache";
+
+                       $bindings = array_merge( array( $linkID ), $bindings );
+               }
+
+               return (int) $this->adapter->getCell( $sql, $bindings );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @see QueryWriter::deleteRecord
+        */
+       public function deleteRecord( $type, $conditions = array(), $addSql = NULL, $bindings = array() )
+       {
+               $addSql = $this->glueSQLCondition( $addSql );
+
+               $table  = $this->esc( $type );
+
+               $sql    = $this->makeSQLFromConditions( $conditions, $bindings, $addSql );
+               $sql    = "DELETE FROM {$table} {$sql}";
+
+               $this->adapter->exec( $sql, $bindings );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @see QueryWriter::deleteRelations
+        */
+       public function deleteRelations( $sourceType, $destType, $sourceID )
+       {
+               list( $sourceTable, $destTable, $linkTable, $sourceCol, $destCol ) = $this->getRelationalTablesAndColumns( $sourceType, $destType );
+
+               if ( $sourceTable === $destTable ) {
+                       $sql = "DELETE FROM {$linkTable}
+                               WHERE ( {$sourceCol} = ? ) OR
+                               ( {$destCol} = ?  )
+                       ";
+
+                       $this->adapter->exec( $sql, array( $sourceID, $sourceID ) );
+               } else {
+                       $sql = "DELETE FROM {$linkTable}
+                               WHERE {$sourceCol} = ? ";
+
+                       $this->adapter->exec( $sql, array( $sourceID ) );
+               }
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @see QueryWriter::widenColumn
+        */
+       public function widenColumn( $type, $property, $dataType )
+       {
+               if ( !isset($this->typeno_sqltype[$dataType]) ) return FALSE;
+
+               $table   = $this->esc( $type );
+               $column  = $this->esc( $property );
+
+               $newType = $this->typeno_sqltype[$dataType];
+
+               $this->adapter->exec( "ALTER TABLE $table CHANGE $column $column $newType " );
+
+               return TRUE;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @see QueryWriter::wipe
+        */
+       public function wipe( $type )
+       {
+               $table = $this->esc( $type );
+
+               $this->adapter->exec( "TRUNCATE $table " );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @see QueryWriter::renameAssocTable
+        */
+       public function renameAssocTable( $from, $to = NULL )
+       {
+               self::renameAssociation( $from, $to );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @see QueryWriter::getAssocTable
+        */
+       public function getAssocTable( $types )
+       {
+               return self::getAssocTableFormat( $types );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Turns caching on or off. Default: off.
+        * If caching is turned on retrieval queries fired after eachother will
+        * use a result row cache.
+        *
+        * @param boolean
+        *
+        * @return void
+        */
+       public function setUseCache( $yesNo )
+       {
+               $this->flushCache();
+
+               $this->flagUseCache = (bool) $yesNo;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Flushes the Query Writer Cache.
+        * Clears the internal query cache array and returns its overall
+        * size.
+        *
+        * @return integer
+        */
+       public function flushCache( $newMaxCacheSizePerType = NULL )
+       {
+               if ( !is_null( $newMaxCacheSizePerType ) && $newMaxCacheSizePerType > 0 ) {
+                       $this->maxCacheSizePerType = $newMaxCacheSizePerType;
+               }
+               $count = count( $this->cache, COUNT_RECURSIVE );
+               $this->cache = array();
+               return $count;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @deprecated Use esc() instead.
+        *
+        * @param string  $column   column to be escaped
+        * @param boolean $noQuotes omit quotes
+        *
+        * @return string
+        */
+       public function safeColumn( $column, $noQuotes = FALSE )
+       {
+               return $this->esc( $column, $noQuotes );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @deprecated Use esc() instead.
+        *
+        * @param string  $table    table to be escaped
+        * @param boolean $noQuotes omit quotes
+        *
+        * @return string
+        */
+       public function safeTable( $table, $noQuotes = FALSE )
+       {
+               return $this->esc( $table, $noQuotes );
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @see QueryWriter::inferFetchType
+        */
+       public function inferFetchType( $type, $property )
+       {
+               $type = $this->esc( $type, TRUE );
+               $field = $this->esc( $property, TRUE ) . '_id';
+               $keys = $this->getKeyMapForType( $type );
+
+               foreach( $keys as $key ) {
+                       if (
+                               $key['from'] === $field
+                       ) return $key['table'];
+               }
+               return NULL;
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * @see QueryWriter::addUniqueConstraint
+        */
+       public function addUniqueIndex( $type, $properties )
+       {
+               return $this->addUniqueConstraint( $type, $properties );
+       }
+}