yaffs: Don't do checkpoint for small partitions.
[yaffs2.git] / yaffs_guts.c
index fd3d636d8f48e6f432efe2ffb43a8f92234286fa..d067d1d03d53552efbff6d9bd16e84f83a86f71d 100644 (file)
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 /*
  * YAFFS: Yet Another Flash File System. A NAND-flash specific file system.
  *
- * Copyright (C) 2002-2007 Aleph One Ltd.
+ * Copyright (C) 2002-2010 Aleph One Ltd.
  *   for Toby Churchill Ltd and Brightstar Engineering
  *
  * Created by Charles Manning <charles@aleph1.co.uk>
  * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
  */
-
-const char *yaffs_guts_c_version =
-    "$Id: yaffs_guts.c,v 1.113 2010-03-05 02:26:27 charles Exp $";
-
 #include "yportenv.h"
 #include "yaffs_trace.h"
 
@@ -34,7 +30,19 @@ const char *yaffs_guts_c_version =
 #include "yaffs_packedtags2.h"
 
 
-#define YAFFS_PASSIVE_GC_CHUNKS 2
+/* Note YAFFS_GC_GOOD_ENOUGH must be <= YAFFS_GC_PASSIVE_THRESHOLD */
+#define YAFFS_GC_GOOD_ENOUGH 2
+#define YAFFS_GC_PASSIVE_THRESHOLD 4
+
+#define YAFFS_SMALL_HOLE_THRESHOLD 3
+
+/*
+ * Checkpoints are really no benefit on very small partitions.
+ *
+ * To save space on small partitions don't bother with checkpoints unless
+ * the partition is at least this big.
+ */
+#define YAFFS_CHECKPOINT_MIN_BLOCKS 60
 
 #include "yaffs_ecc.h"
 
@@ -114,6 +122,7 @@ static yaffs_Tnode *yaffs_FindLevel0Tnode(yaffs_Device *dev,
                                        yaffs_FileStructure *fStruct,
                                        __u32 chunkId);
 
+static int yaffs_HandleHole(yaffs_Object *obj, loff_t newSize);
 static void yaffs_SkipRestOfBlock(yaffs_Device *dev);
 static int yaffs_VerifyChunkWritten(yaffs_Device *dev,
                                        int chunkInNAND,
@@ -179,7 +188,7 @@ static __u32 ShiftsGE(__u32 x)
 
 static __u32 Shifts(__u32 x)
 {
-       int nShifts;
+       __u32 nShifts;
 
        nShifts =  0;
 
@@ -1047,6 +1056,85 @@ static int yaffs_WriteNewChunkWithTagsToNAND(struct yaffs_DeviceStruct *dev,
        return chunk;
 }
 
+
+/*
+ * Oldest Dirty Sequence Number handling.
+ */
+/* yaffs_CalcOldestDirtySequence()
+ * yaffs_FindOldestDirtySequence()
+ * Calculate the oldest dirty sequence number if we don't know it.
+ */
+static void yaffs_CalcOldestDirtySequence(yaffs_Device *dev)
+{
+       int i;
+       unsigned seq;
+       unsigned blockNo = 0;
+       yaffs_BlockInfo *b;
+
+       if(!dev->param.isYaffs2)
+               return;
+
+       /* Find the oldest dirty sequence number. */
+       seq = dev->sequenceNumber + 1;
+       b = dev->blockInfo;
+       for (i = dev->internalStartBlock; i <= dev->internalEndBlock; i++) {
+               if (b->blockState == YAFFS_BLOCK_STATE_FULL &&
+                       (b->pagesInUse - b->softDeletions) < dev->param.nChunksPerBlock &&
+                       b->sequenceNumber < seq) {
+                       seq = b->sequenceNumber;
+                       blockNo = i;
+               }
+               b++;
+       }
+
+       if(blockNo){
+               dev->oldestDirtySequence = seq;
+               dev->oldestDirtyBlock = blockNo;
+       }
+
+}
+
+
+static void yaffs_FindOldestDirtySequence(yaffs_Device *dev)
+{
+       if(dev->param.isYaffs2 && !dev->oldestDirtySequence)
+               yaffs_CalcOldestDirtySequence(dev);
+}
+
+/*
+ * yaffs_ClearOldestDirtySequence()
+ * Called when a block is erased or marked bad. (ie. when its sequenceNumber
+ * becomes invalid). If the value matches the oldest then we clear 
+ * dev->oldestDirtySequence to force its recomputation.
+ */
+static void yaffs_ClearOldestDirtySequence(yaffs_Device *dev, yaffs_BlockInfo *bi)
+{
+
+       if(!dev->param.isYaffs2)
+               return;
+
+       if(!bi || bi->sequenceNumber == dev->oldestDirtySequence){
+               dev->oldestDirtySequence = 0;
+               dev->oldestDirtyBlock = 0;
+       }
+}
+
+/*
+ * yaffs_UpdateOldestDirtySequence()
+ * Update the oldest dirty sequence number whenever we dirty a block.
+ * Only do this if the oldestDirtySequence is actually being tracked.
+ */
+static void yaffs_UpdateOldestDirtySequence(yaffs_Device *dev, unsigned blockNo, yaffs_BlockInfo *bi)
+{
+       if(dev->param.isYaffs2 && dev->oldestDirtySequence){
+               if(dev->oldestDirtySequence > bi->sequenceNumber){
+                       dev->oldestDirtySequence = bi->sequenceNumber;
+                       dev->oldestDirtyBlock = blockNo;
+               }
+       }
+}
 /*
  * Block retiring for handling a broken block.
  */
@@ -1056,6 +1144,8 @@ static void yaffs_RetireBlock(yaffs_Device *dev, int blockInNAND)
        yaffs_BlockInfo *bi = yaffs_GetBlockInfo(dev, blockInNAND);
 
        yaffs_InvalidateCheckpoint(dev);
+       
+       yaffs_ClearOldestDirtySequence(dev,bi);
 
        if (yaffs_MarkBlockBad(dev, blockInNAND) != YAFFS_OK) {
                if (yaffs_EraseBlockInNAND(dev, blockInNAND) != YAFFS_OK) {
@@ -1720,13 +1810,16 @@ static int yaffs_DeleteWorker(yaffs_Object *in, yaffs_Tnode *tn, __u32 level,
 static void yaffs_SoftDeleteChunk(yaffs_Device *dev, int chunk)
 {
        yaffs_BlockInfo *theBlock;
+       unsigned blockNo;
 
        T(YAFFS_TRACE_DELETION, (TSTR("soft delete chunk %d" TENDSTR), chunk));
 
-       theBlock = yaffs_GetBlockInfo(dev, chunk / dev->param.nChunksPerBlock);
+       blockNo =  chunk / dev->param.nChunksPerBlock;
+       theBlock = yaffs_GetBlockInfo(dev, blockNo);
        if (theBlock) {
                theBlock->softDeletions++;
                dev->nFreeChunks++;
+               yaffs_UpdateOldestDirtySequence(dev, blockNo, theBlock);
        }
 }
 
@@ -2281,6 +2374,8 @@ yaffs_Object *yaffs_CreateNewObject(yaffs_Device *dev, int number,
                case YAFFS_OBJECT_TYPE_DIRECTORY:
                        YINIT_LIST_HEAD(&theObject->variant.directoryVariant.
                                        children);
+                       YINIT_LIST_HEAD(&theObject->variant.directoryVariant.
+                                       dirty);
                        break;
                case YAFFS_OBJECT_TYPE_SYMLINK:
                case YAFFS_OBJECT_TYPE_HARDLINK:
@@ -2585,12 +2680,12 @@ int yaffs_RenameObject(yaffs_Object *oldDir, const YCHAR *oldName,
                         * Note we must disable gc otherwise it can mess up the shadowing.
                         *
                         */
-                       dev->isDoingGC=1;
+                       dev->gcDisable=1;
                        yaffs_ChangeObjectName(obj, newDir, newName, force,
                                                existingTarget->objectId);
                        existingTarget->isShadowed = 1;
                        yaffs_UnlinkObject(existingTarget);
-                       dev->isDoingGC=0;
+                       dev->gcDisable=0;
                }
 
                result = yaffs_ChangeObjectName(obj, newDir, newName, 1, 0);
@@ -2665,9 +2760,6 @@ static void yaffs_DeinitialiseBlocks(yaffs_Device *dev)
 static int yaffs_BlockNotDisqualifiedFromGC(yaffs_Device *dev,
                                        yaffs_BlockInfo *bi)
 {
-       int i;
-       __u32 seq;
-       yaffs_BlockInfo *b;
 
        if (!dev->param.isYaffs2)
                return 1;       /* disqualification only applies to yaffs2. */
@@ -2675,23 +2767,7 @@ static int yaffs_BlockNotDisqualifiedFromGC(yaffs_Device *dev,
        if (!bi->hasShrinkHeader)
                return 1;       /* can gc */
 
-       /* Find the oldest dirty sequence number if we don't know it and save it
-        * so we don't have to keep recomputing it.
-        */
-       if (!dev->oldestDirtySequence) {
-               seq = dev->sequenceNumber;
-
-               for (i = dev->internalStartBlock; i <= dev->internalEndBlock;
-                               i++) {
-                       b = yaffs_GetBlockInfo(dev, i);
-                       if (b->blockState == YAFFS_BLOCK_STATE_FULL &&
-                           (b->pagesInUse - b->softDeletions) <
-                           dev->param.nChunksPerBlock && b->sequenceNumber < seq) {
-                               seq = b->sequenceNumber;
-                       }
-               }
-               dev->oldestDirtySequence = seq;
-       }
+       yaffs_FindOldestDirtySequence(dev);
 
        /* Can't do gc of this block if there are any blocks older than this one that have
         * discarded pages.
@@ -2726,10 +2802,8 @@ static __u32 yaffs_FindRefreshBlock(yaffs_Device *dev)
         if(dev->refreshSkip > dev->param.refreshPeriod)
                 dev->refreshSkip = dev->param.refreshPeriod;
 
-       if(dev->refreshSkip > 0){
-               dev->refreshSkip--;
+       if(dev->refreshSkip > 0)
                return oldest;
-       }
 
        /*
         * Refresh skip is now zero.
@@ -2738,12 +2812,9 @@ static __u32 yaffs_FindRefreshBlock(yaffs_Device *dev)
         */
        dev->refreshSkip = dev->param.refreshPeriod;
        dev->refreshCount++;
-
+       bi = dev->blockInfo;
        for (b = dev->internalStartBlock; b <=dev->internalEndBlock; b++){
 
-               bi = yaffs_GetBlockInfo(dev, b);
-               
-
                if (bi->blockState == YAFFS_BLOCK_STATE_FULL){
 
                        if(oldest < 1 ||
@@ -2752,6 +2823,7 @@ static __u32 yaffs_FindRefreshBlock(yaffs_Device *dev)
                                 oldestSequence = bi->sequenceNumber;
                         }
                }
+               bi++;
        }
 
        if (oldest > 0) {
@@ -2763,109 +2835,6 @@ static __u32 yaffs_FindRefreshBlock(yaffs_Device *dev)
        return oldest;
 }
 
-/*
- * FindDiretiestBlock is used to select the dirtiest block (or close enough)
- * for garbage collection.
- */
-
-static int yaffs_FindBlockForGarbageCollection(yaffs_Device *dev,
-                                       int aggressive)
-{
-       int b = dev->currentDirtyChecker;
-
-       int i;
-       int iterations;
-       int dirtiest = -1;
-       int pagesInUse = 0;
-       int prioritised = 0;
-       yaffs_BlockInfo *bi;
-       int pendingPrioritisedExist = 0;
-
-       /* First let's see if we need to grab a prioritised block */
-       if (dev->hasPendingPrioritisedGCs) {
-               for (i = dev->internalStartBlock; i < dev->internalEndBlock && !prioritised; i++) {
-
-                       bi = yaffs_GetBlockInfo(dev, i);
-                       /* yaffs_VerifyBlock(dev,bi,i); */
-
-                       if (bi->gcPrioritise) {
-                               pendingPrioritisedExist = 1;
-                               if (bi->blockState == YAFFS_BLOCK_STATE_FULL &&
-                                  yaffs_BlockNotDisqualifiedFromGC(dev, bi)) {
-                                       pagesInUse = (bi->pagesInUse - bi->softDeletions);
-                                       dirtiest = i;
-                                       prioritised = 1;
-                                       aggressive = 1; /* Fool the non-aggressive skip logiv below */
-                               }
-                       }
-               }
-
-               if (!pendingPrioritisedExist) /* None found, so we can clear this */
-                       dev->hasPendingPrioritisedGCs = 0;
-       }
-
-       /* If we're doing aggressive GC then we are happy to take a less-dirty block, and
-        * search harder.
-        * else (we're doing a leasurely gc), then we only bother to do this if the
-        * block has only a few pages in use.
-        */
-
-       dev->nonAggressiveSkip--;
-
-       if (!aggressive && (dev->nonAggressiveSkip > 0))
-               return -1;
-
-       if (!prioritised)
-               pagesInUse =
-                       (aggressive) ? dev->param.nChunksPerBlock : YAFFS_PASSIVE_GC_CHUNKS + 1;
-
-       if (aggressive)
-               iterations =
-                   dev->internalEndBlock - dev->internalStartBlock + 1;
-       else {
-               iterations =
-                   dev->internalEndBlock - dev->internalStartBlock + 1;
-               iterations = iterations / 16;
-               if (iterations > 200)
-                       iterations = 200;
-       }
-
-       for (i = 0; i <= iterations && pagesInUse > 0 && !prioritised; i++) {
-               b++;
-               if (b < dev->internalStartBlock || b > dev->internalEndBlock)
-                       b = dev->internalStartBlock;
-
-               if (b < dev->internalStartBlock || b > dev->internalEndBlock) {
-                       T(YAFFS_TRACE_ERROR,
-                         (TSTR("**>> Block %d is not valid" TENDSTR), b));
-                       YBUG();
-               }
-
-               bi = yaffs_GetBlockInfo(dev, b);
-
-               if (bi->blockState == YAFFS_BLOCK_STATE_FULL &&
-                       (bi->pagesInUse - bi->softDeletions) < pagesInUse &&
-                               yaffs_BlockNotDisqualifiedFromGC(dev, bi)) {
-                       dirtiest = b;
-                       pagesInUse = (bi->pagesInUse - bi->softDeletions);
-               }
-       }
-
-       dev->currentDirtyChecker = b;
-
-       if (dirtiest > 0) {
-               T(YAFFS_TRACE_GC,
-                 (TSTR("GC Selected block %d with %d free, prioritised:%d" TENDSTR), dirtiest,
-                  dev->param.nChunksPerBlock - pagesInUse, prioritised));
-       }
-
-       dev->oldestDirtySequence = 0;
-
-       if (dirtiest > 0)
-               dev->nonAggressiveSkip = 4;
-
-       return dirtiest;
-}
 
 static void yaffs_BlockBecameDirty(yaffs_Device *dev, int blockNo)
 {
@@ -2881,8 +2850,20 @@ static void yaffs_BlockBecameDirty(yaffs_Device *dev, int blockNo)
                (TSTR("yaffs_BlockBecameDirty block %d state %d %s"TENDSTR),
                blockNo, bi->blockState, (bi->needsRetiring) ? "needs retiring" : ""));
 
+       yaffs_ClearOldestDirtySequence(dev,bi);
+
        bi->blockState = YAFFS_BLOCK_STATE_DIRTY;
 
+       /* If this is the block being garbage collected then stop gc'ing this block */
+       if(blockNo == dev->gcBlock)
+               dev->gcBlock = 0;
+
+       /* If this block is currently the best candidate for gc then drop as a candidate */
+       if(blockNo == dev->gcDirtiest){
+               dev->gcDirtiest = 0;
+               dev->gcPagesInUse = 0;
+       }
+
        if (!bi->needsRetiring) {
                yaffs_InvalidateCheckpoint(dev);
                erasedOk = yaffs_EraseBlockInNAND(dev, blockNo);
@@ -2980,10 +2961,17 @@ static int yaffs_FindBlockForAllocation(yaffs_Device *dev)
 
 
 
+static int yaffs_CheckpointRequired(yaffs_Device *dev)
+{
+       int nblocks = dev->internalEndBlock - dev->internalStartBlock + 1 ;
+       return dev->param.isYaffs2 &&
+               !dev->param.skipCheckpointWrite &&
+               (nblocks >= YAFFS_CHECKPOINT_MIN_BLOCKS);
+}
 static int yaffs_CalcCheckpointBlocksRequired(yaffs_Device *dev)
 {
        if (!dev->nCheckpointBlocksRequired &&
-          dev->param.isYaffs2) {
+               yaffs_CheckpointRequired(dev)){
                /* Not a valid value so recalculate */
                int nBytes = 0;
                int nBlocks;
@@ -3013,7 +3001,7 @@ static int yaffs_CalcCheckpointBlocksRequired(yaffs_Device *dev)
  * Check if there's space to allocate...
  * Thinks.... do we need top make this ths same as yaffs_GetFreeChunks()?
  */
-static int yaffs_CheckSpaceForAllocation(yaffs_Device *dev)
+static int yaffs_CheckSpaceForAllocation(yaffs_Device *dev, int nChunks)
 {
        int reservedChunks;
        int reservedBlocks = dev->param.nReservedBlocks;
@@ -3030,7 +3018,7 @@ static int yaffs_CheckSpaceForAllocation(yaffs_Device *dev)
 
        reservedChunks = ((reservedBlocks + checkpointBlocks) * dev->param.nChunksPerBlock);
 
-       return (dev->nFreeChunks > reservedChunks);
+       return (dev->nFreeChunks > (reservedChunks + nChunks));
 }
 
 static int yaffs_AllocateChunk(yaffs_Device *dev, int useReserve,
@@ -3045,7 +3033,7 @@ static int yaffs_AllocateChunk(yaffs_Device *dev, int useReserve,
                dev->allocationPage = 0;
        }
 
-       if (!useReserve && !yaffs_CheckSpaceForAllocation(dev)) {
+       if (!useReserve && !yaffs_CheckSpaceForAllocation(dev, 1)) {
                /* Not enough space to allocate unless we're allowed to use the reserve. */
                return -1;
        }
@@ -3155,13 +3143,7 @@ static int yaffs_GarbageCollectBlock(yaffs_Device *dev, int block,
        
        bi->hasShrinkHeader = 0;        /* clear the flag so that the block can erase */
 
-       /* Take off the number of soft deleted entries because
-        * they're going to get really deleted during GC.
-        */
-       if(dev->gcChunk == 0) /* first time through for this block */
-               dev->nFreeChunks -= bi->softDeletions;
-
-       dev->isDoingGC = 1;
+       dev->gcDisable = 1;
 
        if (isCheckpointBlock ||
                        !yaffs_StillSomeChunkBits(dev, block)) {
@@ -3176,7 +3158,7 @@ static int yaffs_GarbageCollectBlock(yaffs_Device *dev, int block,
 
                yaffs_VerifyBlock(dev, bi, block);
 
-               maxCopies = (wholeBlock) ? dev->param.nChunksPerBlock : 10;
+               maxCopies = (wholeBlock) ? dev->param.nChunksPerBlock : 5;
                oldChunk = block * dev->param.nChunksPerBlock + dev->gcChunk;
 
                for (/* init already done */;
@@ -3240,6 +3222,13 @@ static int yaffs_GarbageCollectBlock(yaffs_Device *dev, int block,
                                         * No need to copy this, just forget about it and
                                         * fix up the object.
                                         */
+                                        
+                                       /* Free chunks already includes softdeleted chunks.
+                                        * How ever this chunk is going to soon be really deleted
+                                        * which will increment free chunks.
+                                        * We have to decrement free chunks so this works out properly.
+                                        */
+                                       dev->nFreeChunks--;
 
                                        object->nDataChunks--;
 
@@ -3282,14 +3271,20 @@ static int yaffs_GarbageCollectBlock(yaffs_Device *dev, int block,
 
                                                yaffs_ObjectHeader *oh;
                                                oh = (yaffs_ObjectHeader *)buffer;
+
                                                oh->isShrink = 0;
                                                tags.extraIsShrinkHeader = 0;
+
                                                oh->shadowsObject = 0;
                                                oh->inbandShadowsObject = 0;
-                                               if(object->variantType == YAFFS_OBJECT_TYPE_FILE)
-                                                       oh->fileSize = object->variant.fileVariant.fileSize;
                                                tags.extraShadows = 0;
 
+                                               /* Update file size */
+                                               if(object->variantType == YAFFS_OBJECT_TYPE_FILE){
+                                                       oh->fileSize = object->variant.fileVariant.fileSize;
+                                                       tags.extraFileLength = oh->fileSize;
+                                               }
+
                                                yaffs_VerifyObjectHeader(object, oh, &tags, 1);
                                                newChunk =
                                                    yaffs_WriteNewChunkWithTagsToNAND(dev,(__u8 *) oh, &tags, 1);
@@ -3354,8 +3349,14 @@ static int yaffs_GarbageCollectBlock(yaffs_Device *dev, int block,
 
 
 
-       /* If the gc completed then clear the current gcBlock so that we find another. */
-       if (bi->blockState != YAFFS_BLOCK_STATE_COLLECTING) {
+       if (bi->blockState == YAFFS_BLOCK_STATE_COLLECTING) {
+               /*
+                * The gc did not complete. Set block state back to FULL
+                * because checkpointing does not restore gc.
+                */
+               bi->blockState = YAFFS_BLOCK_STATE_FULL;
+       } else {
+               /* The gc completed. */
                chunksAfter = yaffs_GetErasedChunks(dev);
                if (chunksBefore >= chunksAfter) {
                        T(YAFFS_TRACE_GC,
@@ -3363,15 +3364,165 @@ static int yaffs_GarbageCollectBlock(yaffs_Device *dev, int block,
                           ("gc did not increase free chunks before %d after %d"
                            TENDSTR), chunksBefore, chunksAfter));
                }
-               dev->gcBlock = -1;
+               dev->gcBlock = 0;
                dev->gcChunk = 0;
        }
 
-       dev->isDoingGC = 0;
+       dev->gcDisable = 0;
 
        return retVal;
 }
 
+/*
+ * FindBlockForgarbageCollection is used to select the dirtiest block (or close enough)
+ * for garbage collection.
+ */
+
+static unsigned yaffs_FindBlockForGarbageCollection(yaffs_Device *dev,
+                                       int aggressive,
+                                       int background)
+{
+       int i;
+       int iterations;
+       unsigned selected = 0;
+       int prioritised = 0;
+       int prioritisedExists = 0;
+       yaffs_BlockInfo *bi;
+       int threshold;
+
+       /* First let's see if we need to grab a prioritised block */
+       if (dev->hasPendingPrioritisedGCs && !aggressive) {
+               dev->gcDirtiest = 0;
+               bi = dev->blockInfo;
+               for (i = dev->internalStartBlock;
+                       i <= dev->internalEndBlock && !selected;
+                       i++) {
+
+                       if (bi->gcPrioritise) {
+                               prioritisedExists = 1;
+                               if (bi->blockState == YAFFS_BLOCK_STATE_FULL &&
+                                  yaffs_BlockNotDisqualifiedFromGC(dev, bi)) {
+                                       selected = i;
+                                       prioritised = 1;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       bi++;
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * If there is a prioritised block and none was selected then
+                * this happened because there is at least one old dirty block gumming
+                * up the works. Let's gc the oldest dirty block.
+                */
+
+               if(prioritisedExists &&
+                       !selected &&
+                       dev->oldestDirtyBlock > 0)
+                       selected = dev->oldestDirtyBlock;
+
+               if (!prioritisedExists) /* None found, so we can clear this */
+                       dev->hasPendingPrioritisedGCs = 0;
+       }
+
+       /* If we're doing aggressive GC then we are happy to take a less-dirty block, and
+        * search harder.
+        * else (we're doing a leasurely gc), then we only bother to do this if the
+        * block has only a few pages in use.
+        */
+
+       if (!selected){
+               int pagesUsed;
+               int nBlocks = dev->internalEndBlock - dev->internalStartBlock + 1;
+               if (aggressive){
+                       threshold = dev->param.nChunksPerBlock;
+                       iterations = nBlocks;
+               } else {
+                       int maxThreshold = dev->param.nChunksPerBlock/2;
+                       threshold = background ?
+                               (dev->gcNotDone + 2) * 2 : 0;
+                       if(threshold <YAFFS_GC_PASSIVE_THRESHOLD)
+                               threshold = YAFFS_GC_PASSIVE_THRESHOLD;
+                       if(threshold > maxThreshold)
+                               threshold = maxThreshold;
+
+                       iterations = nBlocks / 16 + 1;
+                       if (iterations > 100)
+                               iterations = 100;
+               }
+
+               for (i = 0;
+                       i < iterations &&
+                       (dev->gcDirtiest < 1 ||
+                               dev->gcPagesInUse > YAFFS_GC_GOOD_ENOUGH);
+                       i++) {
+                       dev->gcBlockFinder++;
+                       if (dev->gcBlockFinder < dev->internalStartBlock ||
+                               dev->gcBlockFinder > dev->internalEndBlock)
+                               dev->gcBlockFinder = dev->internalStartBlock;
+
+                       bi = yaffs_GetBlockInfo(dev, dev->gcBlockFinder);
+
+                       pagesUsed = bi->pagesInUse - bi->softDeletions;
+
+                       if (bi->blockState == YAFFS_BLOCK_STATE_FULL &&
+                               pagesUsed < dev->param.nChunksPerBlock &&
+                               (dev->gcDirtiest < 1 || pagesUsed < dev->gcPagesInUse) &&
+                               yaffs_BlockNotDisqualifiedFromGC(dev, bi)) {
+                               dev->gcDirtiest = dev->gcBlockFinder;
+                               dev->gcPagesInUse = pagesUsed;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               if(dev->gcDirtiest > 0 && dev->gcPagesInUse <= threshold)
+                       selected = dev->gcDirtiest;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * If nothing has been selected for a while, try selecting the oldest dirty
+        * because that's gumming up the works.
+        */
+
+       if(!selected && dev->param.isYaffs2 &&
+               dev->gcNotDone >= ( background ? 10 : 20)){
+               yaffs_FindOldestDirtySequence(dev);
+               if(dev->oldestDirtyBlock > 0) {
+                       selected = dev->oldestDirtyBlock;
+                       dev->gcDirtiest = selected;
+                       dev->oldestDirtyGCs++;
+                       bi = yaffs_GetBlockInfo(dev, selected);
+                       dev->gcPagesInUse =  bi->pagesInUse - bi->softDeletions;
+               } else
+                       dev->gcNotDone = 0;
+       }
+
+       if(selected){
+               T(YAFFS_TRACE_GC,
+                 (TSTR("GC Selected block %d with %d free, prioritised:%d" TENDSTR),
+                 selected,
+                 dev->param.nChunksPerBlock - dev->gcPagesInUse,
+                 prioritised));
+
+               if(background)
+                       dev->backgroundGCs++;
+               dev->gcDirtiest = 0;
+               dev->gcPagesInUse = 0;
+               dev->gcNotDone = 0;
+               if(dev->refreshSkip > 0)
+                       dev->refreshSkip--;
+       } else{
+               dev->gcNotDone++;
+               T(YAFFS_TRACE_GC,
+                 (TSTR("GC none: finder %d skip %d threshold %d dirtiest %d using %d oldest %d%s" TENDSTR),
+                 dev->gcBlockFinder, dev->gcNotDone,
+                 threshold,
+                 dev->gcDirtiest, dev->gcPagesInUse,
+                 dev->oldestDirtyBlock,
+                 background ? " bg" : ""));
+       }
+
+       return selected;
+}
+
 /* New garbage collector
  * If we're very low on erased blocks then we do aggressive garbage collection
  * otherwise we do "leasurely" garbage collection.
@@ -3381,22 +3532,28 @@ static int yaffs_GarbageCollectBlock(yaffs_Device *dev, int block,
  * The idea is to help clear out space in a more spread-out manner.
  * Dunno if it really does anything useful.
  */
-static int yaffs_CheckGarbageCollection(yaffs_Device *dev)
+static int yaffs_CheckGarbageCollection(yaffs_Device *dev, int background)
 {
-       int block;
-       int aggressive;
+       int aggressive = 0;
        int gcOk = YAFFS_OK;
        int maxTries = 0;
 
+       int minErased;
+       int erasedChunks;
+
        int checkpointBlockAdjust;
 
-       if (dev->isDoingGC) {
+       if(dev->param.gcControl &&
+               (dev->param.gcControl(dev) & 1) == 0)
+               return YAFFS_OK;
+
+       if (dev->gcDisable) {
                /* Bail out so we don't get recursive gc */
                return YAFFS_OK;
        }
 
        /* This loop should pass the first time.
-        * We'll only see looping here if the erase of the collected block fails.
+        * We'll only see looping here if the collection does not increase space.
         */
 
        do {
@@ -3406,11 +3563,26 @@ static int yaffs_CheckGarbageCollection(yaffs_Device *dev)
                if (checkpointBlockAdjust < 0)
                        checkpointBlockAdjust = 0;
 
+               minErased  = dev->param.nReservedBlocks + checkpointBlockAdjust + 1;
+               erasedChunks = dev->nErasedBlocks * dev->param.nChunksPerBlock;
+
                /* If we need a block soon then do aggressive gc.*/
-               if (dev->nErasedBlocks < (dev->param.nReservedBlocks + checkpointBlockAdjust + 2))
+               if (dev->nErasedBlocks < minErased)
                        aggressive = 1;
-               else
-                       aggressive = 0;
+               else {
+                       if(dev->gcSkip > 20)
+                               dev->gcSkip = 20;
+                       if(erasedChunks < dev->nFreeChunks/2 ||
+                               dev->gcSkip < 1 ||
+                               background)
+                               aggressive = 0;
+                       else {
+                               dev->gcSkip--;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               dev->gcSkip = 5;
 
                 /* If we don't already have a block being gc'd then see if we should start another */
 
@@ -3419,38 +3591,51 @@ static int yaffs_CheckGarbageCollection(yaffs_Device *dev)
                        dev->gcChunk = 0;
                }
                if (dev->gcBlock < 1) {
-                       dev->gcBlock = yaffs_FindBlockForGarbageCollection(dev, aggressive);
+                       dev->gcBlock = yaffs_FindBlockForGarbageCollection(dev, aggressive, background);
                        dev->gcChunk = 0;
                }
 
-               block = dev->gcBlock;
-
-               if (block > 0) {
-                       dev->garbageCollections++;
+               if (dev->gcBlock > 0) {
+                       dev->allGCs++;
                        if (!aggressive)
-                               dev->passiveGarbageCollections++;
+                               dev->passiveGCs++;
 
                        T(YAFFS_TRACE_GC,
                          (TSTR
                           ("yaffs: GC erasedBlocks %d aggressive %d" TENDSTR),
                           dev->nErasedBlocks, aggressive));
 
-                       gcOk = yaffs_GarbageCollectBlock(dev, block, aggressive);
+                       gcOk = yaffs_GarbageCollectBlock(dev, dev->gcBlock, aggressive);
                }
 
-               if (dev->nErasedBlocks < (dev->param.nReservedBlocks) && block > 0) {
+               if (dev->nErasedBlocks < (dev->param.nReservedBlocks) && dev->gcBlock > 0) {
                        T(YAFFS_TRACE_GC,
                          (TSTR
                           ("yaffs: GC !!!no reclaim!!! erasedBlocks %d after try %d block %d"
-                           TENDSTR), dev->nErasedBlocks, maxTries, block));
+                           TENDSTR), dev->nErasedBlocks, maxTries, dev->gcBlock));
                }
        } while ((dev->nErasedBlocks < dev->param.nReservedBlocks) &&
-                (block > 0) &&
+                (dev->gcBlock > 0) &&
                 (maxTries < 2));
 
        return aggressive ? gcOk : YAFFS_OK;
 }
 
+/*
+ * yaffs_BackgroundGarbageCollect()
+ * Garbage collects. Intended to be called from a background thread.
+ * Returns non-zero if at least half the free chunks are erased.
+ */
+int yaffs_BackgroundGarbageCollect(yaffs_Device *dev, unsigned urgency)
+{
+       int erasedChunks = dev->nErasedBlocks * dev->param.nChunksPerBlock;
+
+       T(YAFFS_TRACE_BACKGROUND, (TSTR("Background gc %u" TENDSTR),urgency));
+
+       yaffs_CheckGarbageCollection(dev, 1);
+       return erasedChunks > dev->nFreeChunks/2;
+}
+
 /*-------------------------  TAGS --------------------------------*/
 
 static int yaffs_TagsMatch(const yaffs_ExtendedTags *tags, int objectId,
@@ -3753,6 +3938,8 @@ void yaffs_DeleteChunk(yaffs_Device *dev, int chunkId, int markNAND, int lyn)
                         chunkId));
 
        bi = yaffs_GetBlockInfo(dev, block);
+       
+       yaffs_UpdateOldestDirtySequence(dev, block, bi);
 
        T(YAFFS_TRACE_DELETION,
          (TSTR("line %d delete of chunk %d" TENDSTR), lyn, chunkId));
@@ -3811,7 +3998,7 @@ static int yaffs_WriteChunkDataToObject(yaffs_Object *in, int chunkInInode,
 
        yaffs_Device *dev = in->myDev;
 
-       yaffs_CheckGarbageCollection(dev);
+       yaffs_CheckGarbageCollection(dev,0);
 
        /* Get the previous chunk at this location in the file if it exists.
         * If it does not exist then put a zero into the tree. This creates
@@ -3886,7 +4073,7 @@ int yaffs_UpdateObjectHeader(yaffs_Object *in, const YCHAR *name, int force,
                in == dev->rootDir || /* The rootDir should also be saved */
                force) {
 
-               yaffs_CheckGarbageCollection(dev);
+               yaffs_CheckGarbageCollection(dev,0);
                yaffs_CheckObjectDetailsLoaded(in);
 
                buffer = yaffs_GetTempBuffer(in->myDev, __LINE__);
@@ -4705,7 +4892,7 @@ static int yaffs_WriteCheckpointData(yaffs_Device *dev)
 {
        int ok = 1;
 
-       if (dev->param.skipCheckpointWrite || !dev->param.isYaffs2) {
+       if (!yaffs_CheckpointRequired(dev)) {
                T(YAFFS_TRACE_CHECKPOINT, (TSTR("skipping checkpoint write" TENDSTR)));
                ok = 0;
        }
@@ -4796,9 +4983,9 @@ static void yaffs_InvalidateCheckpoint(yaffs_Device *dev)
                        dev->blocksInCheckpoint > 0) {
                dev->isCheckpointed = 0;
                yaffs_CheckpointInvalidateStream(dev);
-               if (dev->param.markSuperBlockDirty)
-                       dev->param.markSuperBlockDirty(dev);
        }
+       if (dev->param.markSuperBlockDirty)
+               dev->param.markSuperBlockDirty(dev);
 }
 
 
@@ -4941,7 +5128,7 @@ int yaffs_ReadDataFromFile(yaffs_Object *in, __u8 *buffer, loff_t offset,
        return nDone;
 }
 
-int yaffs_WriteDataToFile(yaffs_Object *in, const __u8 *buffer, loff_t offset,
+int yaffs_DoWriteDataToFile(yaffs_Object *in, const __u8 *buffer, loff_t offset,
                        int nBytes, int writeThrough)
 {
 
@@ -4961,8 +5148,6 @@ int yaffs_WriteDataToFile(yaffs_Object *in, const __u8 *buffer, loff_t offset,
        dev = in->myDev;
 
        while (n > 0 && chunkWritten >= 0) {
-               /* chunk = offset / dev->nDataBytesPerChunk + 1; */
-               /* start = offset % dev->nDataBytesPerChunk; */
                yaffs_AddrToChunk(dev, offset, &chunk, &start);
 
                if (chunk * dev->nDataBytesPerChunk + start != offset ||
@@ -4972,7 +5157,7 @@ int yaffs_WriteDataToFile(yaffs_Object *in, const __u8 *buffer, loff_t offset,
                           TENDSTR),
                           (int)offset, chunk, start));
                }
-               chunk++;
+               chunk++; /* File pos to chunk in file offset */
 
                /* OK now check for the curveball where the start and end are in
                 * the same chunk.
@@ -5018,19 +5203,17 @@ int yaffs_WriteDataToFile(yaffs_Object *in, const __u8 *buffer, loff_t offset,
                                cache = yaffs_FindChunkCache(in, chunk);
 
                                if (!cache
-                                   && yaffs_CheckSpaceForAllocation(in->
-                                                                    myDev)) {
-                                       cache = yaffs_GrabChunkCache(in->myDev);
+                                   && yaffs_CheckSpaceForAllocation(dev, 1)) {
+                                       cache = yaffs_GrabChunkCache(dev);
                                        cache->object = in;
                                        cache->chunkId = chunk;
                                        cache->dirty = 0;
                                        cache->locked = 0;
                                        yaffs_ReadChunkDataFromObject(in, chunk,
-                                                                     cache->
-                                                                     data);
+                                                                     cache->data);
                                } else if (cache &&
                                        !cache->dirty &&
-                                       !yaffs_CheckSpaceForAllocation(in->myDev)) {
+                                       !yaffs_CheckSpaceForAllocation(dev, 1)) {
                                        /* Drop the cache if it was a read cache item and
                                         * no space check has been made for it.
                                         */
@@ -5121,6 +5304,14 @@ int yaffs_WriteDataToFile(yaffs_Object *in, const __u8 *buffer, loff_t offset,
        return nDone;
 }
 
+int yaffs_WriteDataToFile(yaffs_Object *in, const __u8 *buffer, loff_t offset,
+                       int nBytes, int writeThrough)
+{
+       yaffs_HandleHole(in,offset);
+       return yaffs_DoWriteDataToFile(in,buffer,offset,nBytes,writeThrough);
+}
+
+
 
 /* ---------------------- File resizing stuff ------------------ */
 
@@ -5165,57 +5356,146 @@ static void yaffs_PruneResizedChunks(yaffs_Object *in, int newSize)
 
 }
 
-int yaffs_ResizeFile(yaffs_Object *in, loff_t newSize)
-{
 
-       int oldFileSize = in->variant.fileVariant.fileSize;
-       __u32 newSizeOfPartialChunk;
+static void yaffs_ResizeDown( yaffs_Object *obj, loff_t newSize)
+{
        int newFullChunks;
-
-       yaffs_Device *dev = in->myDev;
+       __u32 newSizeOfPartialChunk;
+       yaffs_Device *dev = obj->myDev;
 
        yaffs_AddrToChunk(dev, newSize, &newFullChunks, &newSizeOfPartialChunk);
 
-       yaffs_FlushFilesChunkCache(in);
-       yaffs_InvalidateWholeChunkCache(in);
+       yaffs_PruneResizedChunks(obj, newSize);
 
-       yaffs_CheckGarbageCollection(dev);
+       if (newSizeOfPartialChunk != 0) {
+               int lastChunk = 1 + newFullChunks;
+               __u8 *localBuffer = yaffs_GetTempBuffer(dev, __LINE__);
 
-       if (in->variantType != YAFFS_OBJECT_TYPE_FILE)
+               /* Got to read and rewrite the last chunk with its new size and zero pad */
+               yaffs_ReadChunkDataFromObject(obj, lastChunk, localBuffer);
+               memset(localBuffer + newSizeOfPartialChunk, 0,
+                       dev->nDataBytesPerChunk - newSizeOfPartialChunk);
+
+               yaffs_WriteChunkDataToObject(obj, lastChunk, localBuffer,
+                                            newSizeOfPartialChunk, 1);
+
+               yaffs_ReleaseTempBuffer(dev, localBuffer, __LINE__);
+       }
+
+       obj->variant.fileVariant.fileSize = newSize;
+
+       yaffs_PruneFileStructure(dev, &obj->variant.fileVariant);
+}
+
+
+static int yaffs_HandleHole(yaffs_Object *obj, loff_t newSize)
+{
+       /* if newsSize > oldFileSize.
+        * We're going to be writing a hole.
+        * If the hole is small then write zeros otherwise write a start of hole marker.
+        */
+               
+
+       loff_t oldFileSize;
+       int increase;
+       int smallHole   ;
+       int result = YAFFS_OK;
+       yaffs_Device *dev = NULL;
+
+       __u8 *localBuffer = NULL;
+       
+       int smallIncreaseOk = 0;
+       
+       if(!obj)
                return YAFFS_FAIL;
 
-       if (newSize == oldFileSize)
+       if(obj->variantType != YAFFS_OBJECT_TYPE_FILE)
+               return YAFFS_FAIL;
+       
+       dev = obj->myDev;
+       
+       /* Bail out if not yaffs2 mode */
+       if(!dev->param.isYaffs2)
                return YAFFS_OK;
 
-       if (newSize < oldFileSize) {
+       oldFileSize = obj->variant.fileVariant.fileSize;
 
-               yaffs_PruneResizedChunks(in, newSize);
+       if (newSize <= oldFileSize)
+               return YAFFS_OK;
 
-               if (newSizeOfPartialChunk != 0) {
-                       int lastChunk = 1 + newFullChunks;
+       increase = newSize - oldFileSize;
 
-                       __u8 *localBuffer = yaffs_GetTempBuffer(dev, __LINE__);
+       if(increase < YAFFS_SMALL_HOLE_THRESHOLD * dev->nDataBytesPerChunk &&
+               yaffs_CheckSpaceForAllocation(dev, YAFFS_SMALL_HOLE_THRESHOLD + 1))
+               smallHole = 1;
+       else
+               smallHole = 0;
 
-                       /* Got to read and rewrite the last chunk with its new size and zero pad */
-                       yaffs_ReadChunkDataFromObject(in, lastChunk,
-                                                     localBuffer);
+       if(smallHole)
+               localBuffer= yaffs_GetTempBuffer(dev, __LINE__);
+       
+       if(localBuffer){
+               /* fill hole with zero bytes */
+               int pos = oldFileSize;
+               int thisWrite;
+               int written;
+               memset(localBuffer,0,dev->nDataBytesPerChunk);
+               smallIncreaseOk = 1;
+
+               while(increase > 0 && smallIncreaseOk){
+                       thisWrite = increase;
+                       if(thisWrite > dev->nDataBytesPerChunk)
+                               thisWrite = dev->nDataBytesPerChunk;
+                       written = yaffs_DoWriteDataToFile(obj,localBuffer,pos,thisWrite,0);
+                       if(written == thisWrite){
+                               pos += thisWrite;
+                               increase -= thisWrite;
+                       } else
+                               smallIncreaseOk = 0;
+               }
 
-                       memset(localBuffer + newSizeOfPartialChunk, 0,
-                              dev->nDataBytesPerChunk - newSizeOfPartialChunk);
+               yaffs_ReleaseTempBuffer(dev,localBuffer,__LINE__);
 
-                       yaffs_WriteChunkDataToObject(in, lastChunk, localBuffer,
-                                                    newSizeOfPartialChunk, 1);
+               /* If we were out of space then reverse any chunks we've added */               
+               if(!smallIncreaseOk)
+                       yaffs_ResizeDown(obj, oldFileSize);
+       }
+       
+       if (!smallIncreaseOk &&
+               obj->parent &&
+               obj->parent->objectId != YAFFS_OBJECTID_UNLINKED &&
+               obj->parent->objectId != YAFFS_OBJECTID_DELETED){
+               /* Write a hole start header with the old file size */
+               yaffs_UpdateObjectHeader(obj, NULL, 0,1,0);
+       }
 
-                       yaffs_ReleaseTempBuffer(dev, localBuffer, __LINE__);
-               }
+       return result;
 
-               in->variant.fileVariant.fileSize = newSize;
+}
 
-               yaffs_PruneFileStructure(dev, &in->variant.fileVariant);
-       } else {
-               /* newsSize > oldFileSize */
+int yaffs_ResizeFile(yaffs_Object *in, loff_t newSize)
+{
+       yaffs_Device *dev = in->myDev;
+       int oldFileSize = in->variant.fileVariant.fileSize;
+
+       yaffs_FlushFilesChunkCache(in);
+       yaffs_InvalidateWholeChunkCache(in);
+
+       yaffs_CheckGarbageCollection(dev,0);
+
+       if (in->variantType != YAFFS_OBJECT_TYPE_FILE)
+               return YAFFS_FAIL;
+
+       if (newSize == oldFileSize)
+               return YAFFS_OK;
+               
+       if(newSize > oldFileSize){
+               yaffs_HandleHole(in,newSize);
                in->variant.fileVariant.fileSize = newSize;
-       }
+       } else {
+               /* newSize < oldFileSize */ 
+               yaffs_ResizeDown(in, newSize);
+       } 
 
        /* Write a new object header to reflect the resize.
         * show we've shrunk the file, if need be
@@ -5226,8 +5506,8 @@ int yaffs_ResizeFile(yaffs_Object *in, loff_t newSize)
            !in->isShadowed &&
            in->parent->objectId != YAFFS_OBJECTID_UNLINKED &&
            in->parent->objectId != YAFFS_OBJECTID_DELETED)
-               yaffs_UpdateObjectHeader(in, NULL, 0,
-                                        (newSize < oldFileSize) ? 1 : 0, 0);
+               yaffs_UpdateObjectHeader(in, NULL, 0,0,0);
+
 
        return YAFFS_OK;
 }
@@ -5311,6 +5591,7 @@ static int yaffs_UnlinkFileIfNeeded(yaffs_Object *in)
 
        int retVal;
        int immediateDeletion = 0;
+       yaffs_Device *dev = in->myDev;
 
        if (!in->myInode)
                immediateDeletion = 1;
@@ -5324,7 +5605,7 @@ static int yaffs_UnlinkFileIfNeeded(yaffs_Object *in)
                   in->objectId));
                in->deleted = 1;
                in->myDev->nDeletedFiles++;
-               if (1 || in->myDev->param.isYaffs2)
+               if (dev->param.disableSoftDelete || dev->param.isYaffs2)
                        yaffs_ResizeFile(in, 0);
                yaffs_SoftDeleteFile(in);
        } else {
@@ -5341,8 +5622,10 @@ int yaffs_DeleteFile(yaffs_Object *in)
 {
        int retVal = YAFFS_OK;
        int deleted = in->deleted;
+       yaffs_Device *dev = in->myDev;
 
-       yaffs_ResizeFile(in, 0);
+       if (dev->param.disableSoftDelete || dev->param.isYaffs2)
+               yaffs_ResizeFile(in, 0);
 
        if (in->nDataChunks > 0) {
                /* Use soft deletion if there is data in the file.
@@ -5409,6 +5692,10 @@ int retVal = -1;
                retVal = yaffs_DeleteFile(obj);
                break;
        case YAFFS_OBJECT_TYPE_DIRECTORY:
+               if(!ylist_empty(&obj->variant.directoryVariant.dirty)){
+                       T(YAFFS_TRACE_BACKGROUND, (TSTR("Remove object %d from dirty directories" TENDSTR),obj->objectId));
+                       ylist_del_init(&obj->variant.directoryVariant.dirty);
+               }
                return yaffs_DeleteDirectory(obj);
                break;
        case YAFFS_OBJECT_TYPE_SYMLINK:
@@ -5483,6 +5770,7 @@ static int yaffs_UnlinkWorker(yaffs_Object *obj)
                        return yaffs_DeleteFile(obj);
                        break;
                case YAFFS_OBJECT_TYPE_DIRECTORY:
+                       ylist_del_init(&obj->variant.directoryVariant.dirty);
                        return yaffs_DeleteDirectory(obj);
                        break;
                case YAFFS_OBJECT_TYPE_SYMLINK:
@@ -5800,8 +6088,8 @@ static int yaffs_Scan(yaffs_Device *dev)
        dev->sequenceNumber = YAFFS_LOWEST_SEQUENCE_NUMBER;
 
        /* Scan all the blocks to determine their state */
+       bi = dev->blockInfo;
        for (blk = dev->internalStartBlock; blk <= dev->internalEndBlock; blk++) {
-               bi = yaffs_GetBlockInfo(dev, blk);
                yaffs_ClearChunkBits(dev, blk);
                bi->pagesInUse = 0;
                bi->softDeletions = 0;
@@ -5827,6 +6115,7 @@ static int yaffs_Scan(yaffs_Device *dev)
                        dev->nErasedBlocks++;
                        dev->nFreeChunks += dev->param.nChunksPerBlock;
                }
+               bi++;
        }
 
        startIterator = dev->internalStartBlock;
@@ -6324,8 +6613,8 @@ static int yaffs_ScanBackwards(yaffs_Device *dev)
        chunkData = yaffs_GetTempBuffer(dev, __LINE__);
 
        /* Scan all the blocks to determine their state */
+       bi = dev->blockInfo;
        for (blk = dev->internalStartBlock; blk <= dev->internalEndBlock; blk++) {
-               bi = yaffs_GetBlockInfo(dev, blk);
                yaffs_ClearChunkBits(dev, blk);
                bi->pagesInUse = 0;
                bi->softDeletions = 0;
@@ -6378,6 +6667,7 @@ static int yaffs_ScanBackwards(yaffs_Device *dev)
 
                        }
                }
+               bi++;
        }
 
        T(YAFFS_TRACE_SCAN,
@@ -6491,7 +6781,7 @@ static int yaffs_ScanBackwards(yaffs_Device *dev)
                                                         * the current allocation block.
                                                         */
 
-                                                        T(YAFFS_TRACE_ALWAYS,
+                                                        T(YAFFS_TRACE_SCAN,
                                                         (TSTR("Partially written block %d detected" TENDSTR),
                                                         blk));
                                                }
@@ -6991,17 +7281,57 @@ static void yaffs_VerifyDirectory(yaffs_Object *directory)
  *   create dir/a : update dir's mtime/ctime
  *   rm dir/a:   update dir's mtime/ctime
  *   modify dir/a: don't update dir's mtimme/ctime
+ *
+ * This can be handled immediately or defered. Defering helps reduce the number
+ * of updates when many files in a directory are changed within a brief period.
+ *
+ * If the directory updating is defered then yaffs_UpdateDirtyDirecories must be
+ * called periodically.
  */
  
 static void yaffs_UpdateParent(yaffs_Object *obj)
 {
+       yaffs_Device *dev;
        if(!obj)
                return;
 
+       dev = obj->myDev;
        obj->dirty = 1;
        obj->yst_mtime = obj->yst_ctime = Y_CURRENT_TIME;
+       if(dev->param.deferDirectoryUpdate){
+               struct ylist_head *link = &obj->variant.directoryVariant.dirty; 
+       
+               if(ylist_empty(link)){
+                       ylist_add(link,&dev->dirtyDirectories);
+                       T(YAFFS_TRACE_BACKGROUND, (TSTR("Added object %d to dirty directories" TENDSTR),obj->objectId));
+               }
 
-       yaffs_UpdateObjectHeader(obj,NULL,0,0,0);
+       } else
+               yaffs_UpdateObjectHeader(obj,NULL,0,0,0);
+}
+
+void yaffs_UpdateDirtyDirectories(yaffs_Device *dev)
+{
+       struct ylist_head *link;
+       yaffs_Object *obj;
+       yaffs_DirectoryStructure *dS;
+       yaffs_ObjectVariant *oV;
+
+       T(YAFFS_TRACE_BACKGROUND, (TSTR("Update dirty directories" TENDSTR)));
+
+       while(!ylist_empty(&dev->dirtyDirectories)){
+               link = dev->dirtyDirectories.next;
+               ylist_del_init(link);
+               
+               dS=ylist_entry(link,yaffs_DirectoryStructure,dirty);
+               oV = ylist_entry(dS,yaffs_ObjectVariant,directoryVariant);
+               obj = ylist_entry(oV,yaffs_Object,variant);
+
+               T(YAFFS_TRACE_BACKGROUND, (TSTR("Update directory %d" TENDSTR), obj->objectId));
+
+               if(obj->dirty)
+                       yaffs_UpdateObjectHeader(obj,NULL,0,0,0);
+       }
 }
 
 static void yaffs_RemoveObjectFromDirectory(yaffs_Object *obj)
@@ -7467,7 +7797,7 @@ int yaffs_GutsInitialise(yaffs_Device *dev)
        dev->chunkOffset = 0;
        dev->nFreeChunks = 0;
 
-       dev->gcBlock = -1;
+       dev->gcBlock = 0;
 
        if (dev->param.startBlock == 0) {
                dev->internalStartBlock = dev->param.startBlock + 1;
@@ -7596,9 +7926,11 @@ int yaffs_GutsInitialise(yaffs_Device *dev)
        /* OK, we've finished verifying the device, lets continue with initialisation */
 
        /* More device initialisation */
-       dev->garbageCollections = 0;
-       dev->passiveGarbageCollections = 0;
-       dev->currentDirtyChecker = 0;
+       dev->allGCs = 0;
+       dev->passiveGCs = 0;
+       dev->oldestDirtyGCs = 0;
+       dev->backgroundGCs = 0;
+       dev->gcBlockFinder = 0;
        dev->bufferedBlock = -1;
        dev->doingBufferedBlockRewrite = 0;
        dev->nDeletedFiles = 0;
@@ -7610,9 +7942,11 @@ int yaffs_GutsInitialise(yaffs_Device *dev)
        dev->tagsEccUnfixed = 0;
        dev->nErasureFailures = 0;
        dev->nErasedBlocks = 0;
-       dev->isDoingGC = 0;
+       dev->gcDisable= 0;
        dev->hasPendingPrioritisedGCs = 1; /* Assume the worst for now, will get fixed on first GC */
+       YINIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->dirtyDirectories);
        dev->oldestDirtySequence = 0;
+       dev->oldestDirtyBlock = 0;
 
        /* Initialise temporary buffers and caches. */
        if (!yaffs_InitialiseTempBuffers(dev))
@@ -7783,15 +8117,13 @@ void yaffs_Deinitialise(yaffs_Device *dev)
 
 static int yaffs_CountFreeChunks(yaffs_Device *dev)
 {
-       int nFree;
+       int nFree=0;
        int b;
 
        yaffs_BlockInfo *blk;
 
-       for (nFree = 0, b = dev->internalStartBlock; b <= dev->internalEndBlock;
-                       b++) {
-               blk = yaffs_GetBlockInfo(dev, b);
-
+       blk = dev->blockInfo;
+       for (b = dev->internalStartBlock; b <= dev->internalEndBlock; b++) {
                switch (blk->blockState) {
                case YAFFS_BLOCK_STATE_EMPTY:
                case YAFFS_BLOCK_STATE_ALLOCATING:
@@ -7804,6 +8136,7 @@ static int yaffs_CountFreeChunks(yaffs_Device *dev)
                default:
                        break;
                }
+               blk++;
        }
 
        return nFree;